简论推动现代排球运动发展的主要动力

本文对排球运动发展的历史过程进行分析、探讨,并从哲学角度运用自然辩证法进行论证,发现以寻求攻防平衡为目的的规则改变不断地改进和完善排球运动,使排球运动更加激烈、精彩;另外不同时期人们对排球各种功能的需求也有效地推动了排球运动的发展。它们是推动排球运动发展的主要因素。更好地把握和利用排球运动发展的动因能更好地促进排球运动的发展。     

Predicting ground reaction forces in running using micro-sensors and neural networks

Measurement of ground reaction force (GRF) in running provides a direct indication of the loads to which the body is subjected at each foot-ground contact, and can provide an objective explanation for performance outcomes. Traditionally, the collection of three orthogonal component GRF data in running requires an athlete to complete a series of return loops along a laboratory based runway, within which a force platform is embedded, in order to collect data from a discrete footfall. The major disadvantages associated with this GRF data collection methodology include the inability to assess multiple consecutive foot contacts and the fact that measurements are typically confined to the laboratory. The objective of this research was to investigate the potential for wearable instrumentation to be employed, in conjunction with artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models, for the estimation of GRF in middle distance running. A modular wearable data acquisition system was developed to acquire in-shoe force (ISF) data. Matched data sets from wearable instrumentation (source data) and force plate (target data) records were collected from elite middle-distance runners under controlled laboratory conditions for the purposes of ANN and MLR model development (MD) and model validation (MV). In terms of statistical measures of prediction accuracy the MLR model was found to provide a superior level of accuracy for the prediction of the vertical and medio-lateral components of GRF and alternatively, the ANN model provided the most accurate predictions of the anterior-posterior component of GRF. The prediction accuracy of each component of GRF was found to be governed by the inherent signal variability, in which case the vertical and anterior-posterior components were more reliable and subsequently predicted significantly more accurately than the medio-lateral component. The emerging capability for obtaining continuous GRF records from wearable instrumentation has the potential to permit unprecedented quantification of training stress and competition demands in running.     

Device for on-the-water measurement of rowing output

All those who compete in the sport of rowing have used the land rowing machine, Ergometer (commonly called the ‘erg’), manufactured by Concept II (Morrisville, Vermont, USA). Ergon is the Greek word for work, hence the Ergometer measures work. Rowers are commonly ranked according to their ‘erg score.’ The fault in this ranking is that the land Ergometer cannot account for many of the important technical aspects associated with rowing on the water. The goals of this project were to (1) develop a system for on-the-water measurement of work during rowing and then (2) demonstrate the potential of such a system to quantify performance and improve rowing technique. To achieve these goals, force was measured using strain gauges glued to the shaft of the rowing oar and angular displacement was measured using a potentiometer. The force and displacement measurements were sent to a microcontroller, which calculated the total work done in a particular stroke, as well as other parameters, and displayed the values to the rower. The parameters were used to evaluate the performance of three collegiate rowers on the water. The data were also used to plot force profiles, which were reviewed with each rower and the coach to illustrate the rowers’ habits and facilitate improving technique. One rower was ‘tutored’ with the device through five on-the-water practices, after which his force profiles and parameter values demonstrated significant improvement. The device not only provided a standard to which all rowers were compared on the water, but also supplied the rowers with important information on technical aspects of their strokes and pacing themselves.     

大学生习武动机研究

文章采用文献综述法,对我国近年来发表的关于大学生习练武术的研究文献进行了分析,总结了当代大学生的习武动机。文章进一步对大学生习武动机的激发、培养与大学生习武的内部动机、外部动机方面进行了评述,并指出了今后研究的方向。     

中国群众体育参与的影响因素及驱动力研究简

采用主成分分析与因子分析法,对影响群众体育参与的10个因素进行数据矩阵分析。旨在准确把握中国群众体育参与影响因素和特征。分析确定主成分：驱动因子2个。包括：政府支持和体育发展因子、生活水平与文化素质因子。结果表明,政府支持和体育发展是群众体育参与的基础和保障,生活水平与文化素质影响群众对体育参与的规模与主动性。     

体育动力结构研究

体育动力结构包括层次结构和系统结构,层次结构主要研究体育动力方向性问题,即物质动力和精神动力问题,属目的性研究的一种,其特点为差异性;系统结构则主要研究体育动力的大小问题,即体育动力各分力的相互作用产生的合力大小,属于过程性研究的一种,其特点为整体性。体育动力的大小和方向直接决定体育运动之车(人从事的体育实践活动)的前行方向和方式。     

中国乒乓球女子后备力量月经状况的调查与对策研究

对参加中国乒乓球女二队冬训67名运动员的月经状况进行问卷调查。结果表明:早期、长期系统的乒乓球训练对女子运动员月经初潮无明显及不良影响,但是月经初潮年龄有变小的趋势;运动员月经周期异常、痛经和经前期症状发生率较高,但是就诊率较低,月经相关知识欠缺。建议:重视对女子后备力量实施青春生理卫生知识教育、鼓励运动员积极治疗、加强科学训练。     

休闲体育参加者的休闲动机与主观幸福感的关系

采用"休闲动机"、"畅"、"休闲满意度"、"主观幸福感"调查问卷,运用项目分析、因子分析、相关关系分析和构建结构方程模型的方法,对中国图们江区域休闲体育参加者的休闲动机、"畅"、休闲满意度、主观幸福感进行相关关系分析、回归路径分析、验证结构模型验证。首先,通过对各变量之间的因子分析,对未能满足要求的题项进行删除,最终构成其基本框架;其次,休闲动机除情感之间的一些变量并不存在显著的正相关关系外,与"畅"、休闲满意度、生活满意度均存在着显著的正相关关系。"畅"与休闲满意度和生活满意度、生活满意度与休闲满意度各因子之间也存在正相关关系。再次,休闲动机与"畅"、休闲满意度、主观幸福感均具有显著的相互预测作用;"畅"与休闲满意度、主观幸福感也存在显著的相互预测作用;休闲满意度中环境、社会、心理等满意度均与主观幸福感存在显著的相互预测作用,但其余指标均没有直接预测作用。最后,有效验证了中国图们江区域休闲体育参加者的休闲动机与主观幸福感的关系。经过多次模型修正,得到休闲体育参加者的休闲动机与主观幸福感的关系最终模型。     

竞技武术套路运动员表现力的培养方法研究

竞技武术套路比赛中运动员的表现力起着越来越关键的作用。文章运用文献资料法、问卷调查法等研究方法,对影响竞技武术套路运动员表现力的各种因素进行了研究分析。研究结果表明：影响竞技武术套路运动员表现力的因素主要包括气质和性格、赛前心理准备、兴趣、表情和乐感,并针对这些因素对武术套路运动员表现力培养的方法进行了探讨,以指导训练工作。     

我国社会体育指导员发展的动力与平衡机制探讨

建立社会体育指导员适度的动力和平衡机制,处理好我国社会体育指导员发展动力与平衡协调的相互关系,是我国社会体育指导员未来发展的重要因素。对我国社会体育指导员发展的动力机制进行探讨,认为经济推动力是社会体育指导员发展的核心动力、政治推动力规定了社会体育指导员发展的基本方向、文化推动力对社会体育指导员发展具有持久作用;并对构建我国社会体育指导员发展的平衡机制进行了探讨。