Exergames ‘as a teacher’ of movement education: exploring knowing in moving when playing dance games in physical education

Background: A fundamental dimension of school physical education (PE) is arguably movement and movement activities. However, there is a lack of discussion in the context of PE regarding what can be called the capability to move in terms of coordinative abilities, body consciousness and educing bodily senses.

Purpose: This article explores and articulates what there is to know, from the mover's perspective, when knowing how to move in specific ways when playing exergames (dance games). Taking different ways of moving as expressing different ways of knowing as a point of departure, the following questions are the focus of this article: (i) How do students move when imitating movements in a dance game, and what different ways of knowing the movements can be described in the student group? (ii) What aspects of the movements are discerned simultaneously through the different ways of knowing the movements? (iii) What aspects seem critical for the students to discern and experience in order to know the movements in as complex a way as possible?

Design and analysis: The theoretical point of departure concerns an epistemological perspective on the capability to move as knowing how with no distinction between physical and mental skills, and also knowing as experiencing aspects of something to know. The data in this study comprise video recordings of students playing Nintendo Wii dance games in PE lessons in a compulsory school (for children aged between 7 and 16 years) in a small Swedish town. There were three PE lessons with four different stations, of which one was Nintendo Wii dance games (Just Dance 1 and 2). In total, the videoed material covers three 60-minute PE lessons, recorded during the autumn of 2012 and in which just over twenty students participated. In the study, we have used video observation as a data collection method. Jordan and Henderson maintain that video observation removes the gap between ‘what people say they do and what they, in fact, do’ (51). To conduct a systematic and thorough analysis of how the students experienced the avatar's movements, we looked for moments where all the students and the avatar could be simultaneously observed. Two video sequences were chosen, showing four students imitating two distinct and defined movements which constituted the basis for a phenomenographic analysis.

Conclusion: The result of the phenomenographic analysis shows different ways of knowing the movements as well as what aspects are discerned and experienced simultaneously by the students. In other words, these aspects also describe knowing in terms of discerning, discriminating and differentiating aspects of ways of moving. By examining a certain exergame's role ‘as a teacher,' we have emphasized the capability to move, from the mover's perspective, as an intrinsic educational goal of PE while highlighting the need for systematically planning movement education.     

浅谈乒乓球回接旋转球技术

根据乒乓球回接旋转球技术的特点,通过对判断、移动、回接等方面的分析,讨论了乒乓球运动中回接旋转球技术的对策,解决如何提高回接旋转球的质量。     

全民健身政府组织型运行机制的研究

在《全民健身计划纲要》的实施中,政府部门起着关键性作用,其所制定的各种法规直接影响到《全民健身计划纲要》实施的效果。因此,对政府组织型运行机制的研究,能使政府在《全民健身计划纲要》的实施中更有针对性、目的性。     

优化设计在设备技术改造中的应用

本文研究了常用优化设计方法在新的水压机活动横梁中的应用,对活动横梁的结构参数进行了优化,保证设计方案达到最佳;并建立了活动横梁的有限元力学模型,对该结构进行了三维有限元强度分析。     

跆拳道实占姿势站立方法初探

实占姿势是跆拳道(竞技跆拳道以下同)基本技术之一,是跆拳道一切攻防技能的基础,通过对跆拳道实战姿势兀种不同的站立门法进行分类对比,以指导今后的跆拳道的教学和训练。通过分析对比,表明不同的站立方法对跆拳道运动员在比赛中采用何种技、战术有直接影响。     

快速移动错位干扰通信的高效矫正技术研究

在快速移动的列车上,通信节点会发生错位,干扰列车的正常通信,导致列车通信信号幅度和延时增高,由于传统的干扰信号矫正方法需要频繁调整信号幅度才能满足快速通信要求,导致列车通信质量严重下降。提出一种自适应的快速移动错误干扰通信信号矫正方法,分析了列车快速移动过程中最佳通信节点的定位,对最佳通信节点进行融合,可确保运行列车的顺利通信,通过形态学滤波方法预测起伏的受干扰通信信号基底并进行修正,按照修正频谱的受干扰信号谱线分布特征预测出自适应检测门限,并同修正频谱进行对比,完成快速移动列车通信受干扰通信信号的检测。实验结果说明,利用所提方法进行快速移动错位干扰信号的矫正处理后,列车通信信号幅度和延时都优于传统方法,满足移动列车旅客的出行需求。     

Impact of combining data from multiple instruments on performance of patient-based real-time quality control

IntroductionIt is unclear what is the best strategy for applying patient-based real-time quality control (PBRTQC) algorithm in the presence of multiple instruments. This simulation study compared the error detection capability of applying PBRTQC algorithms for instruments individually and in combination using serum sodium as an example.Materials and methodsFour sets of random serum sodium measurements were generated with differing means and standard deviations to represent four simulated instruments. Moving median with winsorization was selected as the PBRTQC algorithm. The PBRTQC parameters (block size and control limits) were optimized and applied to the four simulated laboratory data sets individually and in combination.ResultsWhen the PBRTQC algorithm were individually optimized and applied to the data of the individual simulated instruments, it was able to detect bias several folds faster than when they were combined. Similarly, the individually applied algorithms had perfect error detection rates across different magnitudes of bias, whereas the error detection rates of the algorithm applied on the combined data missed smaller biases. The performance of the individually applied PBRTQC algorithm performed more consistently among the simulated instruments compared to when the data were combined.DiscussionWhile combining data from different instruments can increase the data stream and hence, increase the speed of error detection, it may widen the control limits and compromising the probability of error detection. The presence of multiple instruments in the data stream may dilute the effect of the error when it only affects a selected instrument.     

运动员视觉动作反应准确性的研究

以反应的准确性为指标,比较了5名受试者在静止、慢走、快走、慢跑和快跑5种状态下的视觉动作反应成绩。结果表明,当视觉刺激呈现的频率不变时,受试者在静止状态下练习所得的视觉动作反应的准确性,在快走、慢跑和快跑状态下会有所下降;在活动状态下反复练习,可以提高该活动状态下的视觉动作反应准确性。     

直线摆动式散货装船机的惯性力分析

直线摆动或散货装船机是一种高效连续输送机械。本文将它简化为力学模型,进行运动学的分析,并导出在各种工况下各部件和被输送物料惯性力分布的普遍公式,同时对一个实例的一种工况给出了计算结果。本文的分析方法、公式和结果可供同类型机械的研制、设计者参考。     

中国外汇储备时间序列分析建模与预测——基于ARIMA模型

基于时间序列分析方法对中国2000～2010年月度外汇储备余额数据序列进行建模,通过验证序列的趋势特征,并从中选择最佳拟合模型,预测中国2011年上半年外汇储备规模增长情况。实证分析结果表明,所选模型能较为精确的预测中国外汇储备规模,与实际偏差在0.3%以内,在外汇储备管理研究中将有较大应用价值。