新冠疫情与情报智慧:突发公共卫生事件疾控应急工作情报能力评价

【目的/意义】评价我国突发公共卫生事件疾控应急工作情报能力现状,识别肺炎鏖战中情报能力的问题,对指导现实工作具有重要意义。【方法/过程】本文以新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情为具体问题,推演疾控应急工作情报智慧树模型,设计因应的情报能力评价体系,改进熵权法来测定指标权重及评价结果。通过比较权重的位序与增量来发现疫情任务情报能力的重点,以及情报能力在该问题中和既往工作的差异,利用短板参量分析肺炎鏖战中情报能力的不足。【结果/结论】研究发现:本次任务对情报保障和利用能力具有较高要求,较与以往疾控应急工作,对情报加工和传递能力的需求加剧;情报决策、情报处理与分析、情报劳动者和情报政策成为疾控应急工作情报能力的重要因素;短板问题存在于应急队伍、开展应用性应急课题研究和应急情报管理机制之中,另有待优化问题存在于应急预案、公众引导、应急制度等项目之中。本研究根据上述分析结果对肺炎鏖战中的情报能力治理提出对策建议。     

Molecular hydrogen is a promising therapeutic agent for pulmonary disease

Molecular hydrogen exerts biological effects on nearly all organs. It has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects and contributes to the regulation of autophagy and cell death. As the primary organ for gas exchange, the lungs are constantly exposed to various harmful environmental irritants. Short- or long-term exposure to these harmful substances often results in lung injury, causing respiratory and lung diseases. Acute and chronic respiratory diseases have high rates of morbidity and mortality and have become a major public health concern worldwide. For example, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic. An increasing number of studies have revealed that hydrogen may protect the lungs from diverse diseases, including acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we highlight the multiple functions of hydrogen and the mechanisms underlying its protective effects in various lung diseases, with a focus on its roles in disease pathogenesis and clinical significance.     

带有倒位变异的差分进化算法

针对高维复杂函数的优化问题,提出一种带有倒位变异的差分进化算法.当个体适应度值连续几代不变时,对前一代的最优个体进行倒位变异,以增强种群的多样性,使其跳出局部最优.数值实验结果表明:该算法全局搜索能力强,收敛速度快,且鲁棒性好.     

生态文明：城市休闲体育发展的必然选择

“美丽中国”战略目标的实现离不开“美丽城市”的建设。生态文明是实现美丽城市更新建设的保证者,而美丽城市的建设是落实生态文明的重要举措,两者互动发展、共同促进。城市休闲体育的蓬勃开展离不开生态文明的推动与滋养,生态文明建设是休闲体育发展的至高境界,为城市休闲体育发展提供了外在环境和内部动力。城市休闲体育通过亲近自然、绿色消费、健身怡情、协调“三生”等实际行动,起到了推动人居环境改善、拉动低碳经济增长、实现生命价值延展和促进城市休闲功能提升的作用,是生态文明建设的最佳践行手段。     

Compensatory changes in physical activity and sedentary time in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

Physical activity (PA) is a key element in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) treatment strategies, yet little is known as to whether activity compensation occurs. This study examined whether PA and/or sedentary time on one day were temporally associated with time spent in these intensities the following day in youth with CF. Time spent sedentary and in different PA intensities were objectively-measured for seven consecutive days in 50 youth (22 boys; 12.0 ± 2.7 years); 25 with mild-to-moderate CF and 25 age- and sex-matched controls. Multilevel analyses (day and child) were conducted using generalised linear latent and mixed models. On any given day, every additional 10 minutes spent in sedentary time or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were associated with 1.9 (95%CI: ?3.6 to ?1.2) and 12.4 (95%CI: ?22.1 to ?2.9) minutes less sedentary time the following day, respectively. These temporal associations were also observed when split by group (3.1 vs. 1.9 minutes for healthy and CF, respectively). These findings indicate that youth do not compensate their PA, irrespective of disease status, between days, but may compensate their sedentary time between days. Experimental studies are warranted to fully elucidate whether compensatory responses to PA and sedentary time occur, which is fundamental for informing PA promotion strategies.     

竞技游泳运动员运动性伤病情况调查分析

采用问卷调查法对浙沪两省市194名游泳运动员进行运动性伤病调查,主要从运动性伤病的类型、部位、性质方面对比分析不同竞技水平游泳运动员的伤病表型特征。结果显示：优秀运动员运动性损伤较常见,多以慢性劳损为主,损伤部位依次为肩关节、腰背部和膝关节;一般运动员常发生急性损伤,损伤部位依次为膝关节、肩关节和腰背部。两组运动员鼻炎和中耳炎均常见。因此,依据运动性伤病的可能原因与机制,需要制定有针对性的预防措施,以减少运动性伤病的发生。     

The influence of race length on arterial compliance following an ultra-endurance marathon

There is inconclusive evidence concerning the effects of routine participation in ultra-endurance events on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Arterial compliance is a reliable, non-invasive, and effective tool for evaluating CVD risk. The purpose of this research was to examine if race length influences acute changes in arterial compliance following an ultra-marathon event. A total of 46 ultra-marathon runners were recruited including 21 participants (39.8?±?8.3?years, 6 females) in the 80-km event and 25 participants (43.7?±?9.8?years, 3 female) in the 195-km event. Arterial compliance was measured via radial applanation tonometry (CR-2000, HDI) for diastolic pulse contour analysis before and following the race. Significant between-group differences were found for changes in large arterial compliance with a decrease (increase in stiffness) following the 195-km event and an increase following the 80-kilometre event (p?<?.05). Longer race lengths are associated with greater reductions in large arterial compliance following recreational ultra-marathon running. Assessment of arterial compliance might be a useful prognostic tool to assess the long-term risk of CVD among ultra-marathon runners.     

生活方式干预对心血管疾病危险因素的影响——美国HELPS项目成果

摘要：心血管疾病（CVD）一直是全世界最主要的死因。由于CVD等慢性疾病对健康的威胁越来越大,有必要开展生活方式干预项目以控制这些疾病的危险因素。本研究的目的是评估美国的重要慢病干预项目—HELPS治疗型生活方式改变（TLC）项目对减少CVD危险因素和其他慢性疾病的有效性。方法：140位大学教职工参加为期12周的HELPS TLC项目,干预前后用配对t检验对其体重、BMI、腰围（WC）、6分钟步行距离（6MWD）、空腹血脂和血糖进行测定和比较。结果：干预后6MWD显著增加,总胆固醇（TC）和WC显著下降。对“高危”参与者进一步分析显示：BMI（-1.5±0.5,-3.9%）、TC（- 22.8±4.0,-9.0%）、LDL（- 14.1±4.9,9.3%）和血糖（-6.9±2.2,-6.1%）均显著下降;男性腰围（-4.5±0.8,-10%）显著减小,女性未见显著改变（-1.5±0.5,-4.0%）。此外,体重的变化与TC（r=0.43）、LDL（r=0.35）和血糖（r=0.44）的变化均显著相关。结论：参加12周的生活方式干预项目可以使CVD危险因素减少,特别是在CVD“高危”个体中。HELPS TLC项目的远期效果还待进一步深入研究。     

游泳运动员肩关节损伤的防治

分析探讨福建省游泳队运动员肩关节损伤发病率、损伤特点及防治体会,以利于我省游泳运动员肩关节伤病防治。     

汉族优秀游泳、赛艇运动员mtDNA高变区Ⅰ单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)与有氧工作能力关联的比较研究

目的:探讨汉族优秀游泳、赛艇运动员和普通人mtDNA高变区Ⅰ SNPs在本群体中的频率分布高于10%位点的分布特点,并对两项目运动员mtDNA高变区Ⅰ SNPs与有氧工作能力进行关联分析;方法:分别以54、55和71名汉族优秀游泳、赛艇运动员和普通人为研究对象,采用PCR产物纯化后直接测序和breath by breath方法,进行mtDNA高变区Ⅰ SNPs和有氧工作能力的检测;结果:1)54名游泳和55赛艇运动员mtDNA高变区Ⅰ SNPs频率大于10%的位点分别为15和10个,其中,SNPs频率大于20%的位点有6个(两个项目位点完全相同),除位点C16167A外,其他均为常见SNPs;汉族普通人SNPs频率大于10%位点共有13个,大于20%位点有7个,其中,位点C16168A为普通人所独有;2)赛艇运动员住点C16167A的多态性频率高达92.7%,游泳运动员也达64.8%,明显高于普通人和我国优秀皮划艇运动员(P<0.05～0.001);3)游泳运动员有3个SNPs位点(T16362C、T16304C、C16167A)、赛艇运动员有2个SNPs位点(T16362C、T16223C),非剑桥序列组运动员的VO2max/BW、VEmax、O2-pluesmax、Pmax或Tmax等指标显著高于剑桥序列组运动员(P<0.05～0.01);结论:1)位点C16167A可能成为汉族游泳和赛艇运动员运动能力相关的基因标记,但还需要进一步与运动员不同身体素质和运动能力表型进行关联研究后才能做出更为确定的结论;2)位点T16362C、T16304C和C16167A与汉族优秀游泳运动员的有氧工作能力存在关联,位点T16362C、T16223C与汉族优秀赛艇运动员氧工作能力存在关联,提示以上位点,可作为对运动训练有高敏感性的遗传标记,但不同项目间存在一定差异.这一研究结果对人类有氧能力和不同个体有氧能力以及运动能力的预测、评定、及其在选材中的应用均有重要意义.