Impact of Anatomy Boot Camp on Students in a Medical Gross Anatomy Course

Lincoln Memorial University‐DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine (LMU‐DCOM) offers an optional three‐week summer Anatomy Boot Camp course (ABC) to facilitate students' transition into medical school and promote retention of anatomy subject matter. The pre‐matriculation program is a supplemental instruction course that utilizes a small group learning format. Boot camp instruction is led by teaching assistants and two anatomy professors. Enrollees gain early exposure to Medical Gross Anatomy (MGA) course subject matter, which is taught in the fall semester, and learn study skills necessary to excel in medical school. No grade is assigned for the course, therefore participants can study without the fear of potentially affecting grades. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the LMU‐DCOM ABC course using data from four consecutive summers. Independent two‐sample t‐tests were used to compare ABC to non‐ABC students for the following variables: incoming grade point average (GPA) and Medical College Admission Test® (MCAT®) scores, MGA written and laboratory practical examination grades, and final MGA course grade. Additionally, a 26‐question survey was administered to 2012–2014 boot camp participants. There were no significant differences in incoming GPA and MCAT scores. However, boot campers scored significantly higher on the first two lecture and laboratory examinations (P < 0.05) for each year of the study. Thereafter scores varied less, suggesting a faster head start for boot camp participants. Mean MGA final grade was on average 3% higher for the boot camp cohort. The survey feedback supports that the ABC course assists with the academic and social transition into medical school. Anat Sci Educ 10: 215–223. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.     

The relative impact of school‐wide positive behavior support on teachers’ perceptions of student behavior across schools,teachers, and students

School‐wide positive behavior support (SWPBS) is a systemic approach for implementing a proactive schoolwide discipline and for improving students’ academic and behavioral outcomes by targeting the school’s organizational and social culture. With a multilevel approach, the present study evaluates the relative effectiveness of SWPBS on teachers’ perceptions of the student behavior (N = 3,295) across schools, teachers, and children using a multilevel approach. We assessed teacher perception of student problem behavior five times during a 3‐year implementation of SWPBS in 23 Dutch schools. Multilevel analyses not only revealed a small increase in perceived prosocial behavior and a small decrease in problems with peers, but also different effects across children, teachers, and schools. Effects were stronger for girls and for students with higher severity of perceived problems at baseline. At teachers’ level, higher mean baseline severity of perceived problems was associated with the reduced impact of SWPBS on perceived emotional problems and problems with peers. At the school level, effects were stronger for regular schools as compared with special needs schools.     

试论我国公立高等学校中的委托代理问题

委托——代理理论是继产权理论后教育经济学界所关注的又一热点问题。它既与产权理论紧密相关。又在研究思路及侧重点方面与之有所不同。本文在对经济组织中存在的委托——代理问题分析的基础上，探讨了我国公立高等学校中存在的委托——代理问题，并对当前我国政府与公立高等学校之间特有的委托代理关系所面临的主要问题进行了较为深入的剖析和思考。     

Social inclusion in two worlds: the conceptualization of the social role of lifelong learning in the education policy of Brazil and the UK since the mid 1990s

Aspects of post‐16 education, particularly with reference to vocational education and training, have acquired a degree of common presentation in the policy making of many national and international organizations in recent years. This paper compares similarities and differences in the rhetoric and reality of policy implementation in Brazil and the UK in post‐16 education, particularly Technical and Vocational Education and Training. It finds an increasing alignment between these two very different countries at the levels of both discourse and practice. It argues that this reflects the dominance of international and regional agencies on whom both countries draw in developing policy, and the subsequent dissemination of those agencies' particular assumptions about the relationship between education, skills and economic performance.     

A Random Multi-Access Method for Data Services in CDMA Cellular System

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Evaluating a computer‐based reading programme with children with Intellectual Disabilities: feasibility and pilot research

Increasing evidence indicates that individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) might benefit from phonics‐based reading instruction. However, research and instruction in this field has predominantly focused on sight word reading. Models for complex interventions recommend that feasibility research be conducted prior to conducting randomised studies to assess efficacy of interventions (Thabane et al., 2010). The aim of the current paper is therefore to investigate feasibility questions relating to conducting a full‐scale randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluation of an online, phonics‐based reading programme (Headsprout^? Early Reading; HER) with children with ID. Employing a randomised pre‐test post‐test group design, this study explores and trials important aspects of a RCT evaluation to inform a full‐scale RCT. We also found that HER had a significant effect on reading skills when compared with ‘education as usual’, with large effect sizes on the main outcome measure. This indicates that further, more robust evaluations using HER with children with ID are a worthwhile pursuit.     

The cooking teacher: investigating gender stereotypes in a Korean kindergarten

This article discusses some findings from a small‐scale investigation of children's gendered beliefs and behaviours in a Korean kindergarten which was attempting to challenge gender stereotyping through the anti‐bias intervention of a ‘cooking curriculum’. A sample of 14 children, some with ‘working’ mothers and some with ‘housewife’ mothers, was observed for two months, and informally interviewed on several occasions. The children's mothers were also interviewed. The findings are situated in the context of the changing, but still traditional, culture of Korean society, as well as in the contexts of early childhood education and theories of gender acquisition. They confirm that, although children are highly likely to reproduce the beliefs current in their home environment, they are open to reconstructing these views when actively challenged to consider alternatives, either by the school curriculum or by engaging in debate with a researcher or practitioner. The nature of the ‘alternative’ views available may however be problematic.     

多媒体技术的应用

多媒体计算机技术使计算机具有综合处理声音、文字、图像和视频信息的能力，它以形象丰富的声、文、图像信息和方便的交互性，极大地改善了人机界面，改变了使用计算机的方式，从而为计算机进入人灰生活 和生产的各个领域打开了大门，为人们的学习、工作、生活带来了深远的影响。     

风险投资中的代理问题、风险分担与制度安排

信息不对称使得风险投资面临严重的代理问题，代理问题与风险企业（项目）的高不确定性又会导致风险投资的高失败率。恰当的制度安排能够降低代理成本和风险：一方面，风险投资家严格筛选高层管理团队，对他们采用强约束和适当的激励，并积极参与风险企业的管理，提供增值服务；另一方面，风险企业普遍采用全员持股这种组织激励方式。风险投资机制将监督、激励与风险分担有机地结合在一起，从而大大缓解了风险投资中的代理问题。论文还对我国风险投资业的发展提出一些相关建议。     

我国旅行社组织变革分析的新范式——企业流程再造的应用

在经济日益全球化的今天 ,旅行社作为活动于供应商和消费者之间的中间人 ,其发展日益面临着严峻的挑战。首先是顾客要求日益挑剔 ;其次是市场竞争日益剧烈 ;第三是变化日益频繁与迅速。“在新天地中 ,顾客、竞争和变化这三者要求企业具备灵活应变的能力 ,能迅速作出反应。”然而 ,以传统分工理论作为理论基础的组织结构及其运行模式在上述背景下已显得不合时宜 ,甚至成为了旅行社发展的羁绊。根据哈默和钱皮的观点 ,应该用企业流程再造的思想来重新审视并变革旅行社的组织结构和运行模式。1　企业流程再造 :组织变革的新思想企业流程再造是 …