Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Questionnaire and Adult Attachment Interview (AAI): Implications for parent child relationships

Although Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are linked to increased health problems and risk behaviors in adulthood, there are no studies on the association between ACEs and adults’ states of mind regarding their early childhood attachments, loss, and trauma experiences. To validate the ACEs questions, we analyzed the association between ACEs and emotional support indicators and Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) classifications in terms of unresolved mourning regarding past loss or trauma and discordant states of mind in cannot classify (U/CC) interviews. Seventy-five urban women (41 clinical and 34 community) completed a questionnaire on ACEs, which included 10 categories of abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, in addition to emotional support. Internal psychological processes or states of mind concerning attachment were assessed using the AAI. ACE responses were internally consistent (Cronbach's α = .88). In the clinical sample, 84% reported ≥ 4 ACEs compared to 27% among the community sample. AAIs judged U/CC occurred in 76% of the clinical sample compared to 9% in the community sample. When ACEs were ≥ 4, 65% of AAIs were classified U/CC. Absence of emotional support in the ACEs questionnaire was associated with 72% of AAIs being classified U/CC. As the number of ACEs and the lack of emotional support increases so too does the probability of AAIs being classified as U/CC. Findings provide rationale for including ACEs questions in pediatric screening protocols to identify and offer treatment reducing the intergenerational transmission of risk associated with problematic parenting.     

湖南桃江县三堂街方言名词词缀“的”

普通话中的名词词缀"子"以及湘方言中较有特色的"子"尾词,在桃江方言中读作"的",且存在明显的对应关系。三堂街镇作为桃江县江北地区的贸易中心,较好的代表了周边乡镇的语言面貌,所以我们选取三堂街镇方言作为代表点,在丰富的语言材料基础上,对三堂街方言名词词缀"的"的词汇分布情况、声韵结合情况及语法构成形式做出了深入细致的描写,并补充"的"缀其他存在形式,全面展示了三堂街方言中"的"缀的独特风貌。     

置换检验及其应用

给出了置换检验的理论依据,并应用这一理论解决了医学中的一个统计问题,得出在置信水平为0.01时应认为两组数据无显著差异,并指出在样本数足够大时可利用两样本t检验法解决这类问题.