Expectancy value interactions and academic achievement: Differential relationships with achievement measures

Motivation predicts academic achievement beyond cognitive ability. Expectancy value theory (Eccles et al., 1983) is a widely accepted and powerful approach explaining academic achievement as well as educational choices and attainment. Recently, attention to the multiplicative term of expectancy and value beliefs has increased. Trautwein et al. (2012) reported a detrimental effect of high task value when expectancy beliefs were low. We aimed to replicate and extend their study by using a large, representative sample of students attending upper secondary school in the German federal state Schleswig-Holstein (N = 3367). Following Trautwein et al. (2012), we applied latent interaction modelling to test whether the predictive value of expectancy value interactions differs for grades, final examinations, and standardized test scores as measures of achievement in two domains. We took the multi-dimensional structure of task value into consideration, analyzing the four components (attainment, intrinsic value, utility and cost) separately. Both a verbal and a non-verbal domain (English as a foreign language and mathematics) were investigated. Overall, the results supported those of Trautwein et al. (2012). However, our findings suggested measure- and domain-specific differences when using expectancy value beliefs and their interactions to predict academic achievement. Interaction terms predicted final examination results in both English and mathematics. Further, interaction effects were significant for grades in English but not mathematics. In general, effect sizes of multiplicative terms were small, especially in contrast to expectancy beliefs. Findings are discussed regarding the practical and conceptual importance of the multiplicative term in expectancy value theory applied in an educational setting.     

一类双曲型方程的有限差分法

利用有限差分法求解波动方程边值问题,得到了相应的稳定性分析,并进行了数值模拟.模拟结果表明;该方法求得的数值解有较高的精度和较快的运行速度.     

Mobile users’ information privacy concerns and the role of app permission requests

Recent privacy-related incidents of mobile services have shown that app stores and providers face the challenge of mobile users’ information privacy concerns, which can prevent users from installing mobile apps or induce them to uninstall an app. In this paper, we investigate the role of app permission requests and compare the impact on privacy concerns with other antecedents of information privacy concerns, i.e., prior privacy experience, computer anxiety, and perceived control. To test these effects empirically, we conducted an online survey with 775 participants. Results of our structural equation modeling show that prior privacy experience, computer anxiety, and perceived control have significant effects on privacy concerns. However, concerns for app permission requests have approximately twice as much predictive value than the other factors put together to explain mobile users’ overall information privacy concerns. We expect that our findings can provide a theoretical contribution for future mobile privacy research as well as practical implications for app stores and providers.     

Social identification,exercise participation,and positive exercise experiences: Evidence from parkrun

Growing evidence suggests that social identities may have profound implications for physical activity participation. Real-world examinations of this relationship have, however, been lacking, with research predominantly examining intentions and hypothetical scenarios. To address this shortcoming and further advance understanding in this area, the present study tested relationships between group identification, participation, two exercise-specific outcomes (exercise-specific satisfaction and group cohesion), and a broad health indicator (life satisfaction) among individuals recruited from parkrun. Participants (N = 289) completed questionnaires measuring all variables except participants’ parkrun participation, which was objectively assessed. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that group identification was significantly associated with greater participation, exercise-specific satisfaction, group cohesion, and life satisfaction. Findings provide real-world evidence of the health-related benefits associated with forming strong social identities in exercise settings.     

Application of time-temperature superposition method in thermal aging life prediction of shipboard cables

The life of shipboard cables will decrease due to the complex aging processes. In terms of the safety perspective, remaining life prediction of the cable is essential to maintain a reliable operation. In this paper, firstly, based on Arrhenius equation, residual life of new styrene-butadiene cable is calculated; result indicates that the degradation rate which changes with time is proportional to thermal temperature. Then second order dynamic model is adopted into the residual life prediction, combined with the time-temperature superposition method （TTSP）, and a new residual life model is proposed. According to the accelerated thermal aging experiment data and Arrhenius equation, TTSP method demonstrates to be an efficient way for life prediction, and life at normal temperature can be estimated by this model. In order to monitor the state of styrene-butadiene cable more accurately, an improved residual life model based on equivalent environment temperature of cable is proposed, and life of cable under real operation is analyzed. Result indicates that this model is credible and reliable, and it provides an important theoretical base for residual life of cables.     

椭圆型方程广义解的极大值原理

本文证明了方程的有界广义解u(除常数外),当以B(x,u,ζ)关于ζ增长的阶大于p-1(但不大于p)时,成立下列极大值原理:     

多种结构形式的统一—如东县中学“科技楼”的主体结构设计试析

通过如东县中学“科技楼”的主体结构设计,探讨当代现代重点中学办学环节中硬件设施应具备的结构设计理念和设计方法,力图达到多种结构形式及技术与经济的完美统一。     

浅析服装的结构平衡

服装的结构平衡决定了整件服装的外观穿着效果,结构平衡包括部位和部件两个方面,本文主要对这两个方面进行分析,找出不平衡现象的原因和改正的方法,以防止疵病的产生。     

基于结构异地协同控制试验网络平台的开发与研究

结合我国国情建立远程结构试验网络系统，解决结构工程动力学科大型结构多节点试验资源不足的问题，分析了结构远程试验系统的组成以及网络远程协同控制的结构试验，初步实现把分布在各地的多个实验室连接在一起，利用各自不同的设备，完成复杂的试验和测试，同时让其他用户来实时观察所进行的试验，或参与试验过程，研究分析试验结果。     

结构基因组学与蛋白质核磁共振(NMR)光谱

阐述了核磁共振光谱在蛋白质结构基因组学研究中的重要作用,包括核磁共振光谱在结构基因组学研究中的优点和缺点,研究技术进展和展望。