Perceptions of educational leaders regarding contemporary reform initiatives in Egypt

ABSTRACT

Many educational reform initiatives worldwide do not result in deep and sustainable change. Limited studies have looked at reform initiatives in countries like Egypt. The purpose of this mixed methods study is to examine educational reform initiatives in Egypt throughout modern history using a transformative leadership lens, and to explore the perceptions of educational leaders regarding the more contemporary reform initiatives. The findings show that historically, large-scale reform initiatives in Egypt, which had transformative and sustainable results, were typically associated with a more comprehensive ideological inclination. More contemporary educational reform attempts were not transformative because these were perceived to be top-down reforms that were driven by foreign-aid agencies, and had no support from stakeholders.     

A Random Multi-Access Method for Data Services in CDMA Cellular System

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论发展党的领导

新世纪，我国随着社会主义市场经济体制的发展和依法治国基本方略的实施．对党的领导提出了新的更高的要求。本文阐述了面临国际国内复杂多变的新环境，发展党的领导的现实必然性,并对在建设中国特色的社会主义实际中怎样发展党的领导作出了有益的探讨。     

Teacher evaluation policy as perceived by school principals: the case of Flanders (Belgium)

In Flanders (Belgium), a new teacher evaluation policy was issued which placed a lot of autonomy with school principals to develop and implement a new teacher evaluation system. In this study, we explore how Flemish principals perceive the new teacher evaluation policy and what influences their perception. Results demonstrate that principals perceive the policy as clear, but they are rather negative about the need, practicality, and complexity of the summative teacher evaluation. This perception is influenced by policy, context, and individual factors as is demonstrated in our qualitative analyses.     

Distributed leadership for personalized learning

Abstract

Personalized learning refers to a collection of practices designed to place student interests and needs at the heart of schooling. Schools that implement personalized learning need leaders that support educators and students in redesigning the core practices of teaching and learning in K-12 schools. To answer the question of how leaders support this redesign, we use distributed leadership theory to focus on the macrotasks and microtasks that leaders enact to create the conditions for personalized learning practices. Drawing on a five-year, qualitative study of 11 personalized learning programs in the Midwest, we identify three macrotasks supporting personalized learning: reorganizing learning environments to support student voice and choice, assembling idiosyncratic technology ecosystems to distribute teaching and learning tasks, and redesigning instructional time to prioritize student’s interests, agency, and learning relationships. After we describe a number of microtasks associated with each macrotask, we discuss how a consideration of these kinds of leadership tasks can open the contemporary discussion of personalized learning from a narrow focus on learning technologies to an expansive vision of student-centered school reform.     

基于无线通信的静止式进相器系统设计

静止式进相器是专为大中型绕线式电机节能降耗设计的无功功率就地补偿装置。现有静止式进相器仅停留在单台电动机和单台静止式进相器的配套使用上,缺乏监控系统、历史数据无法保存。详细介绍了基于无线通信的静止式进相器系统设计,系统由静止式进相器控制子系统和主控子系统组成,使用无线通信模块实现静止式进相器和主控机的通信。主控子系统设计中,采用预约ALOHA实现主控子系统的多址通信。该系统经过实验和现场调试,其结果表明:静止式进相器补偿效果明显,实现系统无线通信功能,满足无线监测的设计要求。     

Theory Competition and the Process of Change

The reasons why many educational change initiatives have little impact are often framed in terms of either a poorly designed process on the part of the change initiator, or in terms of problems with the attitudes, skills and/or knowledge of those responsible for implementation. In this paper, we seek to integrate these two perspectives more closely by focusing on their interface and the competing theories frequently held by the change initiators and implementers. This concept of theory competition is illustrated with a case of a national literacy initiative in New Zealand in which the change initiators wished to raise the achievement of low performing students through the development of “learning-centred” leadership in schools and evidence-based practice. The desired outcomes were not achieved because theories about what it means to be a successful leader in such a situation, the data needed to undertake the type of evidence-based analysis envisioned and school personnel beliefs about the target students were understood differently by those responsible for initiating the change and those responsible for implementing it.     

多项式模代数在多值逻辑系统中的适应性

针对文献［１］中的模代数系统对多值逻辑的适应性定理，指出了多项式模代数系统对于基数为素数幂值逻辑的适应性     

包容性领导能促进科研人员提升创新绩效吗?——一个有中介的调节作用模型

企业科研人员的创新工作对于企业的长期生存与发展至关重要,因此,如何提高科研人员的创新绩效已经成为当前企业迫切需要解决的问题。在文献回顾的基础上,通过对20家高科技企业的356名科研人员及其直接主管的配对数据进行相关、回归分析,检验包容性领导、责任心以及主管信任对科研人员创新绩效影响的一个有中介的调节作用模型。研究结果表明,包容性领导对科研人员创新绩效具有显著正向影响;责任心显著调节包容性领导与科研人员创新绩效之间的关系;而且,责任心对包容性领导与科研人员创新绩效之间的调节作用以主管信任为中介。研究结论丰富了领导风格与员工创新等方面的研究,并对企业提高员工创新绩效具有实践上的指导意义。     

校长教学领导：内涵、特征与培养策略

随着教育改革的深入推进和教学专业化的凸显,校长不能仅仅扮演行政管理者的角色,还应该成为一名积极的教学领导者。教学领导是校长领导力的核心和关键,它是一种专业领导力。这种专业领导力建立在专业权威和道德权威的基础上,以尊重教师的专业自主权为前提,并表现为多种角色。校长行使教学领导主要通过创建共同愿景、关注课堂、促进教师专业发展、构建中层领导团队等途径实现。校长教学领导力的获得和提升,不仅要通过相关训练来帮助校长提高教学领导的能力,也要减少校长过多的行政负担,但最重要的是校长自身的修炼和提升。