Perceived severity of school bullying in elementary schools based on participants’ roles

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceived severity of school bullying among participants with different roles (victims, bullies, bullies/victims and non-involved individuals) and to determine whether interactions between type of bullying and participant roles exist. Two Olweus-like global items and a revised School Bullying Severity Scale for elementary students were used in this study. A total of 1816 valid surveys completed by students in grades 5 and 6 (mean age = 11.5, SD = .84) were collected. Data were analysed using a mixed-model two-way ANOVA. The results revealed a significant main effect of type of bullying. Physical and verbal bullying were perceived as more severe than relational and cyberbullying. A significant two-way interaction between bullying category and participant role was also identified. Bullies did not perceive the four types of victimisation behaviours differently, whereas victims and bullies/victims both rated physical victimisation as most severe and cyber-victimisation as least severe. However, effect sizes were small. Implications for bullying prevention and intervention are discussed.     

自然保护区周边社区薪柴消费影响因素分析

薪柴作为一种传统能源,依然是自然保护区周边社区的主要生活能源。落后的薪柴采集和消费不仅造成能源浪费,还严重影响着自然保护区的资源生态环境,因此促进自然保护区周边社区的薪柴消费向高效清洁的商品能源消费转变具有重要意义。本研究基于陕西省洋县和宁陕县朱鹮自然保护区周边社区农户薪柴消费微观调查数据,采用多元线性回归模型,对自然保护区周边家庭薪柴消费的影响因素进行了计量分析。结果表明,0.01的显著水平上,家庭人口数、家庭年龄、养殖业收入对农户薪柴消费具有显著正向影响,外出务工收入对农户薪柴消费具有显著反向影响;在0.05的显著水平上,个体经营收入对农户薪柴消费具有显著反向影响。因此,通过提高农民的教育水平,引导农村剩余劳动力进城务工,加强自然保护区转移支付等方式,促进自然保护区周边能源消费从薪柴消费向商品能源消费转变,是解决自然保护区周边社区森林资源破坏的有效途径。     

高职护理专业中“问题本位”教学的多元构建

问题本位教学是建构主义理论指导下以学生为中心的一种教学模式。文章分析了目前高职护理教育的现状,介绍了问题本位教学的构建原则,指出高职护理教育问题本位教学的构建可以从创设问题情境和框架问题、提供情境案例、开展生成性课题研学等方面进行,以培养学生的自主学习和知识的综合运用能力。     

个性化教育视野下的教师角色重构

近年,随着后现代主义的不断发展,个性化教育也越来越引起人们的关注。但由于我国传统教育思想的影响,教师的一系列教学活动仍然是围绕着应试教育而展开,因此,作为高校教师应主动地转变教育思想与教学方式,重构自身角色,以全面适应个性化教育发展的需要。     

面向“卡脖子”问题的知识创新生态系统分析：核心挑战、理论构建与现实路径

  新形势下,面对关键核心技术“卡脖子”问题的挑战,系统提升我国科技研究的整体水平迫在眉睫。然而,我国现有知识创新生态研究的基本思路仍是以“大学、企业、政府”构成的“三螺旋”框架,无法体现新时代多元化主体、多样化路径、多种创新模式的平行共存与协同演化特征,致使研究者破题“卡脖子”难题时缺乏整合性视角与适用性框架的支撑。本研究基于知识创新范式转型背景下影响我国以系统工具解决“卡脖子”问题的核心挑战,深入探究新时代“模式3”知识创新“多重螺旋”（N-tuple helices）生态系统的主体特征与拓扑结构。以之为基础,讨论系统性提升我国科研创新能力,应对“卡脖子”挑战的可行路径与具体措施。     

一题多解在三重积分计算中的应用

本文首先用投影法、截面法、柱面坐标法、球面坐标法[1]四种方法求解同一道三重积分计算实例,然后分析了各种方法最适合使用的条件和应注意的事项。     

情境教学法在小学体育教学中的运用

阐述了情境教学法在小学体育教学中的作用和具体实施策略。通过创设游戏情境、问题情境、音乐情境和信息情境,有助于小学生充分融入轻松、愉快的教学情境中,从而不断提升小学生的身体素质和思想意识,发挥小学体育教学的价值和作用。     

Relationships between anthropometric measures and athletic performance,with special reference to repeated-sprint ability,in the Qatar national soccer team

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine potential relationships between anthropometric parameters and athletic performance with special consideration to repeated-sprint ability (RSA). Sixteen players of the senior male Qatar national soccer team performed a series of anthropometric and physical tests including countermovement jumps without (CMJ) and with free arms (CMJwA), straight-line 20 m sprint, RSA (6 × 35 m with 10 s recovery) and incremental field test. Significant (P < 0.05) relationships occurred between muscle-to-bone ratio and both CMJs height (r ranging from 0.56 to 0.69) as well as with all RSA-related variables (r < –0.53 for sprinting times and r = 0.54 for maximal sprinting speed) with the exception of the sprint decrement score (S_dec). The sum of six skinfolds and adipose mass index were largely correlated with S_dec (r = 0.68, P < 0.01 and r = 0.55, P < 0.05, respectively) but not with total time (TT, r = 0.44 and 0.33, P > 0.05, respectively) or any standard athletic tests. Multiple regression analyses indicated that muscular cross-sectional area for mid-thigh, adipose index, straight-line 20 m time, maximal sprinting speed and CMJwA are the strongest predictors of S_dec (r² = 0.89) and TT (r² = 0.95) during our RSA test. In the Qatar national soccer team, players’ power-related qualities and RSA are associated with a high muscular profile and a low adiposity. This supports the relevance of explosive power for the soccer players and the larger importance of neuromuscular qualities determining the RSA.     

Concatenated Trellis Coding and CPM for DS/SSMA Communications in Rayleigh Fading Channel

本文在衰落信道下将级联网格编码调制（ＴＣＭ）和连续相位调制（ＣＰＭ）应用于直接序列扩频多址（ＤＳ／ＳＳＭＡ）系统中．作者分别采用了理论分析和数值模拟两种方法研究了级联ＴＣＭ／ＣＰＭＤＳ／ＳＳＭＡ系统的性能，结果表明在相同的条件下采用级联ＴＣＭ／ＣＰＭ编码调制方式的ＤＳ／ＳＳＭＡ系统的错误概率远小于采用单一ＴＣＭ或ＣＰＭ的ＤＳ／ＳＳＭＡ系统的错误概率．     

A Time of Transition

Abstract

This narrative describes, from a personal perspective, the aging and dying processes of a social worker's parents, and the impact that this process had on her teaching in the area of social work practice and gerontology. The impact of a personal crisis on one's professional role is dramatic. Issues related to social support, the conflict inherent in multiple roles, and the burdens and joys of caretaking are explored in an effort to offer readers the opportunity to understand the complexities of the aging process. Furthermore, the dilemmas inherent in teaching about a topic that has such important and personal implications for teachers and learners are examined.