How Much Sport is there in Sport Physiology? Practice and Ideas in the Stockholm School of Physiology at GCI, 1941–1969

The physiology research at the Royal Central Institute of Gymnastics (Swedish acronym: GCI) in Stockholm was never primarily focused on sports, but has made significant contributions to sport and exercise physiology. Changing ideas about the human body (from form to motor) during the early twentieth century led to criticism towards the posture-oriented Ling gymnastics. The rationalisation movement of the 1930s and onwards also paved the way for a rationalistic physiology research. GCI recruited Eric Hohwü Christensen (1904–1996) from Copenhagen for the new position as professor in physiology in 1941. Christensen built his research programme on the ideas of the Copenhagen School, focusing on basic research, bodily limits and rationalisation of exercise. The majority of research at GCI focused on basic physiology, and the main goal was to rationalise the exercise of the entire population, which was in line with the ambitions of the emerging Swedish welfare state. But applications in elite sports became a claim to fame for GCI through names such as Per-Olof Åstrand and Bengt Saltin. This article aims at showing how the research programme was outlined during Christensen's professorship, 1941–1969. How does a scientific environment focused on basic, physiological research become famous for its impact in sports?     

The influence of in-game emotions on basketball performance

Abstract

This study examined the influence of emotions on performance in basketball. Six female basketball players were videotaped in six games. Frequency of performance behaviours was recorded minute-by-minute and indices of successful (SGI) and unsuccessful (UGI) game involvement derived for each player. Post-game, players reported the intensity of experienced emotions (anger, anxiety, embarrassment, excitement and happiness), and the time of the eliciting incident. The only emotion revealed as a significant predictor of SGI was happiness; both anger and embarrassment were significant predictors of increased UGI. Consideration of individual player analyses suggests that there is variation in the magnitude of the influence of emotions on performance and the extent to which this influence was helpful or harmful to performance. The study provides evidence that emotions are associated with changes in game behaviours in competition. Implications for further research examining the emotion–performance relationship are discussed.     

奥运会与大众传媒关系的仪式性分析

电视(大众传媒的代表)在全球范围将奥运仪式分类有序地展现,促成了奥运的“去仪式化”;而奥运作为仪式性的媒介事件,从传播内容方面促成了大众传播的仪式性,从传播形式方面促成了大众传播仪式的再次仪式化(奥运在大众传播这种日常仪式中再次形成了阈限期,即仪式状态),从而促成受众的连续收视行为,特别是奥运期间的超常规收视行为,强化其仪式功能———使受众拥有共享信仰而获得的满足和安全感。奥运和电视形成了良性的互动和双赢关系。同时,奥运和媒体的这种共谋直接导致了第三种客观结果:奥运的“去仪式化”,即仪式和群众场面———民族国家组织场景之间的转化,歌颂、强化了民族国家的整体感以及分类权力的秩序。     

对迈向竞技体育强国进程中几个重要问题的探析

我国竞技体育应率先向强国目标迈进.基于如此,通过对竞技体育强国四个相关联的重要问题进行系统分析,研究表明:竞技体育强国是历史进程与和谐共赢、共谋发展的概念,硬实力和软实力强是竞技体育强国的基本标志,其价值取向应建立在既是中国的、也是世界的基点上,迈向竞技体育强国应以国家发展战略为路标并选择差异化竞争战略.     

同场对抗项群运动员竞赛最佳心理状态纬度构成及特征研究

依据流畅状态量表及体育科学常用量表中的相关量表,通过专家访谈和问卷调查,对问卷数据统计处理及验证分析,确立同场对抗性项群运动员最佳心理状态纬度结构,包括控制感、任务挑战性与个人能力的平衡、动作与意识的融合、注意集中于当前任务、明确的目标、自我认知及情绪性7个因素。结果表明,注意集中于当前任务、控制感、情绪性等因素具有较大的贡献作用。     

传统武术现代化发展策略研究

传统武术作为中国传统文化的重要组成部分,在我国历史上发挥着重要的作用,是中华民族不可多得的艺术瑰宝,但是传统武术在现代时尚体育运动、竞技武术的冲击下,它的发展空间日益狭小,发展步伐举步维艰,甚至面临消亡的困境,文章针对传统武术发展的艰难现状,论述了传统武术的现代化发展道路。     

新时代“中国式现代化体育”的新价值与新路向

党的二十大胜利召开开启了中国式现代化建设的新征程,被赋注新生命力的中国式现代化必将为中国体育的发展注入崭新能量。在梳理现代化理论内涵的基础上,探析中国式现代化的时代特色和本质要求,建构“中国式现代化体育”的内涵结构。研究表明,中国式现代化体育的价值体系包括把握人民至上的根本立场全力发展全民体育和推动体育全面发展、把握公平共享的本质要求维护和实现人民美好体育生活向往、把握协调发展的重要导向推动中国体育精神的传承与弘扬、把握和谐共生的核心支撑开辟体育强国“绿色”新境界、把握和平发展的关键前提推进中国与世界共享体育和谐之美五个方面的内容,它们之间的相互作用和相互影响形塑了新时代中国体育自有的、独特的逻辑框架。研究目的旨在为中国体育适应新时代中国式现代化发展路向、推动实现体育强国战略目标提供学理支持。     

高尔夫比赛中不良心理状态分析及对策

针对高尔夫比赛中常见的紧张、恐惧、缺乏比赛动力等不良心理状态进行产生原因的分析,并从认知、情感和行为方面提出了相应的解决方法,即合理呼吸、放松、积极暗示和赛前准备行为等。     

国家与家庭关系的再考察——从家庭暴力视域分析

国家与家庭是一种此消彼长的关系。传统上,国家在一定程度上尊重家庭自治。在现今社会．国家公权力的触角不断伸向家庭领域,对传统意义上的“私领域”进行了一定的干预。通过历史研究、比较研究、法哲学研究,认为公权力介入家庭暴力具有一定的必要性和可行性。同时,我们必须对公权力的介入预设一定的条件和进行必要的限度设计。     

高等教育强国视域下的现代大学制度建构

建设高教强国从根本上要求尊重我国国情和高等教育规律,构建多元的高等教育体系,促使高等教育功能充分发挥;目前我国离高教强国尚远,主要表现为高等教育质量下降、高等教育管理背离规律、高等教育体系呈同质化等;高教强国的实现要求建立现代大学制度,我国现代大学制度应实现普遍性与独特性的有机结合,大学逻辑与社会逻辑的和谐统一,以构建多元的高等教育体系为导向,以建立科学的大学章程为关键。