‘We Will Try Again,Again, Again to Make It Bigger’: Japan,American Football,and the Super Bowl in the Past,Present, and Future

Abstract

This study is to analyse how the Japanese have traditionally received and currently perceive the Super Bowl, and for this purpose, it aims to locate the position of American football in Japanese history, society, and culture. It explores the game’s history and then examine the degree of its spread among Japan’s sporting population. A two-dimensional approach of historical study and inter-game comparison gives context to the analyses of reference frequency and contents of news media, followed by speculative discussions of what the near future of Japan’s American football would be like. To conclude, it clarifies the ways the Super Bowl has been received and is now being perceived by two groups: The first group is the general people who see the Super Bowl as the convenient and useful medium by which they could learn effectively about American culture through the one-night mania for ‘conspicuous consumption’. The second group comprises American football experts and enthusiasts, including 13,000 athletes and their OBs, coaches, trainers, and other staff members of the leagues and associations as well as the general sports fans. For this group, the Super Bowl is the apex of their favourite sport to which only a selected talented few could join.     

国外青少年体质健康促进政策的经验与启示

主要运用文献研究、逻辑分析、比较研究等方法,对美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚和日本等5个发达国家青少年体质健康促进政策的概况及共性经验进行分析与归纳,研究认为,注重学校、家庭、社区的协调发展,发挥青少年体育组织的积极作用,推动青少年行动计划的实践实施,建立激励政策引导青少年体育锻炼是国外青少年体质健康促进政策的主要经验。据此提出对我国青少年体质健康促进政策发展的主要启示：政府在青少年体质健康促进中的准确定位、发挥社会组织在政策运行中的基础性作用、出台促进青少年体质健康发展的法律法规、建立青少年体质健康多维联动的发展机制。     

武术文化的主体间性辨释

"主体间性"通过对美学、文学等领域的考察,为我们分析武术文化提供了经验。从身体与精神、人与人、人与物、人与社会、人与自然等关系中认定了主体间性的存在,表现在"身心之和""人我之和""师徒之和""人与器和""武与政和""门派之和""天人之和"等多个层面。正是因为主体间性的存在, 才使辨证智慧的"和"思想在中国武术中得以实现。     

武汉市封闭式户外活动中心建设可行性研究

建设武汉市封闭式户外活动中心是武汉市政府加快发展武汉体育产业,促进武汉体育消费的重要措施。目前,武汉市在政府、企业、社会等多方支持下已具备建设封闭式户外活动中心的基本条件。本文将从建设依据、作用效益、有利条件、效益分析、面临问题等五个层面进一步阐述了武汉市封闭式户外活动中心建设的可行性,并针对武汉市封闭式户外活动中心的建设现状给出了相关建议。     

藏羌走廊民族传统体育文化符号表征研究

采用文献资料法、逻辑推理法并结合田野考察法,以文化人类学和社会表征理论为依托,阐释藏羌走廊民族传统体育文化符号表征的意义。研究认为：藏羌走廊民族传统体育文化符号具有“三征并存”的功能结构和“三化并行”的功能价值。通过对藏羌走廊民族传统体育文化符号表征的研究,对藏羌走廊民族传统体育文化资源的传承与发展,以及人类学家和民族学家对民族传统体育文化符号的深层次研究具有导向作用。     

校园足球教育改革与实践发展的思考——兼论成立中国（上海）足球教育学院的可行性

以校园足球人才培养为切入点,思考校园足球开展的实质、人才培养与发展出路等问题,探讨成立中国（上海）足球教育学院的必要性、可行性。通过充分整合高校、俱乐部、社会等资源,融合校园足球教育、人才培养、社会接纳三大系统,构建大中小学全覆盖、“一条龙”式的校园足球人才培养体系。     

The Jews of Venetian Candia: The Challenges of External Influences and Internal Diversity as Reflected in Takkanot Kandiyah

Takkanot Kandiyah is a collection of Hebrew-written legislative texts regarding the leadership of the Jewish community of Candia, the capital of the Venetian colony of Crete, which were issued by successive generations of communal leaders between the early thirteenth and late sixteenth centuries. The detailed information it provides on many areas of the communal life makes Takkanot Kandiyah a valuable source for historical research into Jewish life in the medieval and Early Modern Mediterranean. Through a study of the texts contained in Takkanot Kandiyah, this article attempts to identify and analyse the ways in which the leadership of the Candiot community responded to the challenges of coexistence with the Greek inhabitants of Crete and the Venetian rulers of the island, as well as with the Jewish immigrants whom the currents of history brought to Crete from various corners of the Mediterranean, and thus to examine the importance of the “Mediterranean dimension” of the life of Cretan Jewry.     

The Seljuk Sultanate of Rūm and the Turkmen of the Byzantine frontier, 1206–1279*

This article examines the frontier between the Seljuk Sultanate of Rūm and its Byzantine neighbours in the thirteenth century, concentrating on the place of these frontier districts within the Seljuk state. Scholarship on the frontier, influenced by the ideas of Paul Wittek, has seen it as something of a “no man's land”, politically, economically, culturally and religiously distinct from the urban heartland of the Seljuk sultanate in central Anatolia, dominated by the nomadic Turks, the Turkmen, who operated largely beyond sultanic control. It is often thought that the Seljuk and Greek sides of the border shared more in common with each other than they did with the states of which they formed a part. In contrast, this article argues that in fact the western frontier regions were closely integrated into the Seljuk sultanate. Furthermore, with the Mongol domination of the Seljuk sultanate in the second half of the thirteenth century, the Seljuk and Mongol elites became increasingly involved in this frontier region, where some of the leading figures of the sultanate had estates and endowments.     

The Saljuq Turks’ Conversion to Islam: The Crusading Sources

This article contributes to the important debate over the conversion of the Turks to Islam. Previously, it was thought that the Turks abandoned their former steppe faith and customs very swiftly to become staunch Sunni Muslims, but this view has recently been challenged by a number of studies. The current consensus seems to be that the Turks’ adoption of Islam was a process of far longer duration, spanning many decades. This article broadens this discussion by demonstrating that the chronicles written by the First Crusaders contain much useful information that is pertinent to this question. It works through these texts, showing that they can shed new light on this point.     

Eleventh- and Twelfth-Century Similarities in the Norman Influence,Contact and “Conquests” of Sicily,Southern Italy and England

The establishment of the so-called “Norman World” is a debated phenomenon. The influence of the Normans can be found throughout Europe in matters of politics, warfare, and cultural interaction. The empire established by the Normans from the tenth through the thirteenth centuries was based upon the fighting prowess and military might of a people led by notable men such as William the Conqueror and Robert Guiscard. The similarities and differences between the Norman conquests of the eleventh century reveal reciprocity in contact, influence, and exchange among Norman populations. Similarly, the autonomy and distinctness of Norman populations from England to the Mediterranean remained. This article explores the extent of Norman contact, areas of influence and methods of exchange during the most active Norman conquests of the Middle Ages.