Socially shared metacognition of dyads of pupils in collaborative mathematical problem-solving processes

This study investigated how metacognition appears as a socially shared phenomenon within collaborative mathematical word-problem solving processes of dyads of high-achieving pupils. Four dyads solved problems of different difficulty levels. The pupils were 10 years old. The problem-solving activities were videotaped and transcribed in terms of verbal and nonverbal behaviours as well as of turns taken in communication (N = 14 675). Episodes of socially shared metacognition were identified and their function and focus analysed. There were significantly more and longer episodes of socially shared metacognition in difficult as compared to moderately difficult and easy problems. Their function was to facilitate or inhibit activities and their focus was on the situation model of the problem or on mathematical operations. Metacognitive experiences were found to trigger socially shared metacognition.     

创造有意义的学习经历——对高校人文素质教育的思考

如何提高高校人文素质教育质量,美国著名的教育学者迪·芬克提出的创造有意义的学习经历这一教育理念值得我们借鉴。创造有意义的学习经历可以突破传统的教育思维,从思想到行动进行人文素质教育全面建构,缩短人文素质教育与社会实践的距离。我们可以从课堂上,设计与实施主题交流、课堂辩论、模拟情境、小组学习、案例教学等有意义的学习经历,同时,设计和增加服务学习、体验学习、观察学习、真实项目等有意义的课外学习经历。     

The Experience of Doctoral Studies in the UK and France: differences in epistemology,research objects and training

This article investigates how doctoral students perceive their research education in different disciplines in two higher education systems, the UK and France. It explores what underlies the diversity of doctoral students' experiences. Three theoretical positions are identified: the epistemological position, conceptualisation of research objects and organisational structures of research training. A questionnaire on the experiences of research training was distributed to doctoral students in Economics & Management (representative of social sciences) and Chemistry (representative of natural sciences) in France and was compared to a survey carried out earlier in Education (representative of social sciences) and Chemistry (representative of natural sciences) in the UK. Strikingly, similar disciplinary patterns were found in the doctoral research experiences in the two countries. The findings were used to review the three theoretical positions on the experiences of doctoral studies.     

Interest,enjoyment and pride after failure experiences? Predictors of students’ state-emotions after success and failure during learning in mathematics

The current investigation was designed to identify emotion states students experience during mathematics activities, and in particular to distinguish emotions contingent on experiences of success and experiences of failure. Students’ task-related emotional responses were recorded following experiences of success and failure while working with an individualised computer-based mathematics learning environment. In addition, relations between these patterns of emotional responses after success and failure experiences and trait-like motivational variables, self-concept of ability, subject value, orientation to learning from errors, goal orientation and causal attributions, were examined. Two separate studies are reported. In Study 1 emotions associated with success and failure experiences in mathematics were investigated in relation to self-concept of ability, subject value and orientation to learning from errors. In Study 2, patterns of emotion following success and failure were examined in relation to students’ goal orientation and their causal attributions for success in school.     

关于空间实验室(站)发展技术途径的思考

苏联/俄罗斯、美国、欧洲和日本等国已先后发展了载人航天器。虽然他们采用了不同的战略和途径,但总的技术路线都是先研制技术较为简单、载人时间较短的空间实验室,然后研制技术较为复杂、载人时间较长、用途更为广泛的空间站。由于各国在发展空间实验室（站）的模式上有很大差异,因此所获得的成果也有天壤之别。通过分析、归纳和比较国外空间实验室（站）的发展技术途径,可以发现不少值得借鉴的经验与教训,对我国空间实验室（站）的发展战略和技术途径有一定启示。     

幼儿园科学教育中自主探究的生态化简析

自主探究是幼儿学习科学的基本方式,然而当前的科学教育中,自主探究被片面误解为动手操作,探究内容脱离幼儿生活经验,忽视幼儿的情感体验。基于生态主义系统的视角,科学教育中幼儿自主探究的生态化应从目标、内容、形式和环境四个维度入手,使自主探究焕发其内在生命力。     

新建本科院校大学生课程学习参与的调查研究——以HH学院为例

以HH学院为调查对象,以美国印第安纳大学编制的《大学生就读经验问卷》为调查工具,就大学生课程学习参与的情况进行调查与分析,发现学生课程学习参与程度在不同年级、专业间差别较大,其中艺术类专业学生课堂活动的参与程度较高,理工科学生学习兴趣较弱。文科专业学生在综合运用知识解决实际问题能力方面排名较低。继而提出针对性的对策建议。     

Major Survey Findings of Listening to MothersSM III: New Mothers Speak Out: Report of National Surveys of Women’s Childbearing Experiences ? Conducted October–December 2012 and January–April 2013

To understand the experiences and views of childbearing women in the United States and trends over time, Childbirth Connection carried out the third national Listening to Mothers survey among 2,400 women who gave birth in U.S. hospitals to a single baby from mid-2011 to mid-2012 and could participate in English. A follow-up survey directed to the same participants explored postpartum experiences, in depth and well into the second year after birth; views about maternity care; and some additional pregnancy and birth items. Harris Interactive conducted the surveys using a validated methodology that includes data weighting to ensure that results closely reflect the target population. The follow-up survey was reported in Listening to Mothers III: New Mothers Speak Out.     

张欣小说创作关怀与自我体验的独特性

作为都市文学的佼佼者,张欣以古典情怀与现代意识的融合、诗情口语化叙述表现其小说创作关怀与自我体验的独特性。本文将从性别角度挖掘其作品的性别意识,诠释其对同性的“姊妹情谊”、对异性的爱的建构与消解、对自我体验的徘徊与矛盾的抒写内涵与本质,构建其女性意识的性别体验。     

International perspectives on student awareness,experiences and perceptions of research: implications for academic developers in implementing research‐based teaching and learning

This paper explores the implications of the effective integration of research, teaching and learning for academic development through the lens of an international multi‐institutional comparison of student perceptions of research and its impact on their learning environment. The study, with a sample of over 500 final‐year undergraduate students across three institutions in the UK and Canada, represents a spectrum of research and teaching intensive universities and is one of the largest exploring undergraduate student perceptions of research in the linking teaching and research literature. The results indicate a complex relationship between student perceptions and experiences of research and the type of institution, as well as the individual, institutional and national context. They also inform the discussion of particular issues that academic developers face and the strategies they use to improve the integration of research and teaching to benefit the undergraduate learning experience in their institution.

Cet article explore les implications, pour le développement pédagogique, de l’intégration effective de la recherche, de l’enseignement et de l’apprentissage à l’aide de la lentille d’une comparaison internationale multi institutionnelle des perceptions étudiantes à l’égard de la recherche et de leur impact sur l’environnement d’apprentissage. L’étude, reposant sur un échantillon de plus de 500 étudiants en dernière année de 1^er cycle, provenant de trois institutions au Royaume‐Uni et au Canada, représente un spectre d’universités centrées sur l’enseignement ou sur la recherche. L’étude constitue une des recherches les plus importantes au sujet des perceptions étudiantes à l’égard de la recherche dans la littérature portant sur le lien entre l’enseignement et la recherche. Les résultats indiquent une relation complexe entre les perceptions et les expériences des étudiants, et le type d’institution, de même qu’avec les contextes individuel, institutionnel et national. Les résultats contribuent aussi à la discussion de questions particulières auxquelles les conseillers pédagogiques font face ainsi que les stratégies que ceux‐ci utilisent en vue d’améliorer l’intégration de la recherche et de l’enseignement de façon à en faire bénéficier l’expérience d’apprentissage au 1^er cycle au sein de leur institution.