Masculine norms,disclosure, and childhood adversities predict long-term mental distress among men with histories of child sexual abuse

Child sexual abuse (CSA) can have a profound effect on the long-term mental health of boys/men. However, not all men with histories of CSA experience psychopathology. To improve prevention and intervention services, more research is needed to understand why some male survivors experience mental health problems and others do not. The purpose of this study was to examine factors related to mental distress among a large, non-clinical sample of men with histories of CSA (N = 487). Using a cross-sectional design with purposive sampling from three national survivor organizations, data were collected through an anonymous Internet-based survey. Multivariate analyses found that only one of the four CSA severity variables—use of physical force by the abuser—was related to mental distress. Additional factors that were related to mental distress included the number of other childhood adversities, years until disclosure, overall response to disclosure, and conformity to masculine norms. Overall, the final model predicted 36% of the variance in the number of mental health symptoms. Mental health practitioners should include masculine norms, disclosure history, and childhood adversities in assessments and intervention planning with male survivors. To more fully explicate risk factors for psychopathology in this population, future studies with probability samples of men that focus on mediational processes and use longitudinal designs are needed.     

“真实性”对“观光体验”经营之意涵

"观光体验"与"真实性"为观光旅游研究中极重要的议题,本文回顾观光社会学家Erik Cohen多年来对"真实性"的探讨,并运用其理念引申出部分补充观点,作为论证观光场域"真实性"的基础。笔者整理出六大类"真实性"之形貌,由最传统的"真实性"到创意的"真实性"再到"舞台化的真实",以及各种类型对"观光体验"之影响,论证运作"观光体系"时把握"真实性"精神的重要性。未来吾人对于"存在的真实性"也应深入研究,以期有助于提升游客之觉知。     

Brief Analysis of D.H.Lawrence’s View on Female and its Formation

This thesis focuses on D.H.Lawrence’s view on female in his novel writing. The author firstly introduces Lawrence’s view on female through analyzing female images in his works,then analyzes the contributing factors of his views’ formation.     

Verbal Short‐term Memory Performance in Pupils with Down Syndrome

Research has shown that verbal short‐term memory span is shorter in individuals with Down syndrome than in typically developing individuals of equivalent mental age, but little attention has been given to variations within or across groups. Differences in the environment and in particular educational experiences may play a part in the relative ease or difficulty with which children remember verbal material. This article explores the performance of 26 Egyptian pupils with Down syndrome and 26 Egyptian typically developing children on two verbal short‐term memory tests: digit recall and non‐word repetition tasks. The findings of the study revealed that typically developing children showed superior performance on these tasks to that of pupils with Down syndrome, whose performance was both lower and revealed a narrower range of attainment. Comparisons with the performance of children with Down syndrome in this study suggested that not only did the children with Down syndrome perform more poorly than the typically developing children, their profile also appeared worse than the results of studies of children with a similar mental age with Down syndrome carried out in western countries. The results from this study suggested that, while deficits in verbal short‐term memory in Down syndrome may well be universal, it is important to recognise that performances may vary as a consequence of culture and educational experiences. The significance of these findings is explored with reference to approaches to education and how these are conceptualised in relation to children with disabilities.     

柔石研究述评

历年来对柔石的研究,主要集中在他的生平史事和小说作品研究,也不乏研究者探寻柔石的精神世界和心理轨迹,但是在总体上缺乏独立姿态、整体把握和学理审视.本文就柔石生平研究、作品研究和精神世界研究三个方面对柔石研究状况进行梳理与总结.     

张爱玲母爱缺失性体验及其作品中的颠覆性母亲形象

“母亲”这个词语经过人类几千年的历史积淀几乎已经同一为“伟大、无私、慈祥”的能指,而母亲形象在人类的文学殿堂中也共同具有着极其光辉的神性色彩。到了20世纪,张爱玲以冷峻的目光,重新审视母亲形象,剥去其温情脉脉的面纱,批判性地颠覆母亲神话。张爱玲从小母爱事实缺席的成长经历,使她形成了乖戾的母爱观。她在作品中不自觉地流露出人间无爱的苍凉哀音。她笔下的母亲形象也一反传统的圣洁美好而变得冷漠残忍．而缺少母爱的儿女们则是“一级一级,通向没有光的所在”。母爱缺失性体验使张爱玲作品有着强烈的审母意识,不仅使现代文学的母亲形象更为立体化、人性化,且在某种程度上对新时期“恶母”形象的塑造具有先导性的启蒙作用。     

Priorities,identity and the environment: Negotiating the early teenage years

This study focuses on the negotiation of environmental identity by 10 New Zealand students as they progressed from late primary school to junior secondary school. Interviews with these students and their parents focused on six theoretical perspective prominent in environmental education: significant life experiences, transformative learning, environmental literacy, values, action competence, and environmental identity. Thirteen major themes emerged, which are discussed in terms of two overarching findings. First, the deep-seated, composite and pivotal resonances between home and school influences in effective environmental education for sustainability (EEfS) learning are described, and suggestions are made for how this can be better taken into account. Secondly, a focus on the complex negotiation of the early teenage years suggests how promoting EEfS might occur more productively in secondary schools.     

Life as she knows it: The effects of adverse childhood experiences on intimate partner violence among women prisoners

Most incarcerated women suffer from adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as abuse (e.g., physical, sexual, emotional), neglect, (e.g., physical, emotional), and chaotic home environments (e.g., witnessing domestic violence), and adult intimate partner violence (IPV). Yet the majority of research on the relationship between ACEs and IPV has been limited to non-incarcerated populations. Using data from a stratified random sample of all incarcerated women in Oklahoma (n = 355), we explore the relationships between individual, cumulative, and clusters of ACEs as they relate to multiple forms of IPV in adulthood utilizing a feminist life course theory approach. Our findings indicate that individual ACEs, high accumulation of ACEs (five or more), and clusters of ACEs are linked to simple assault, aggravated assault, sexual abuse, and psychological abuse in adult intimate relationships in the pre-prison lives of women prisoners suggesting strong support for the use of a feminist life course theory approach in understanding these relationships.     

Comparative analysis of the impact of traditional versus innovative learning environment on student attitudes and learning outcomes

This study explored the claim that different classroom layouts can affect teaching and learning. At the time of the study, there were few robust evaluative frameworks able to isolate and then measure the impact of different educational layouts. In response, this study employed a quasi-experimental approached facilitated by a Single Subject Research Design (SSRD) to compare two different classroom layouts - a traditional classroom layout and ‘Innovative Learning Environment’ (ILE) in an Australian secondary schooling context. The study compared students’ attitudes to their learning experiences, motivation, engagement and academic outcomes in each layout over a school year. Comparative analyses highlighted how students’ attitudes to their learning experiences and engagement differed in the two designs. A correlation was identified between enhanced student attitudes in an ILE and higher English, Humanities and Mathematics academic achievement when compared with cognitively matched peers who occupied a traditional classroom for the same period. This initial empirical evidence, even though restricted to a single site, was able to discern a measurable link between the occupation of different learning spaces and an impact on student learning experiences, engagement and academic outcomes in secondary schooling context.     

美英德日国立科研机构绩效评估制度探析1

选取美国、德国、英国、日本四个典型国家,研究分析四国国立科研机构评估原则、目标计划循环管理模式、不同类型绩效评估的互补运用、评估专家的遴选、评估内容和指标的选取、评估方法以及评估结果的反馈与应用等科研机构绩效评估制度要素特征、表现形式和发展动向,对我国启动中的中央级科研机构绩效评估工作,提供有益的国际经验启示和借鉴。