近代西方体育文化的传人及其对中国体育发展的影响

运用文献调研法和理论分析法,对近代西方体育文化的传入过程及其对中国体育发展的影响进行探讨。认为近代西方体育运动文化的传入为我国近代体育运动的兴起与推广提供了新方法与手段;促进了中国体育思想的变革;为中国体育制度的初建提供了范本;为中国体育竞赛制度的形成奠定了基础。     

The home advantage in sport competitions: Courneya and Carron's (1992) conceptual framework a decade later

This paper had three aims. The first was to review research carried out on the home advantage from 1992 to the present. The second was to examine the extent to which a conceptual framework proposed by Courneya and Carron () was/is viable as a tool to highlight and organize an understanding of the home advantage. The final aim was to provide suggestions for future research.     

Home advantage in speed skating: Evidence from individual data

Home advantage is a well-documented phenomenon in many sports. Home advantage has been shown to exist for team sports (soccer, hockey, football, baseball, basketball) and for countries organizing sports tournaments like the Olympics and World Cup Soccer. There is also some evidence for home advantage in some individual sports, but there is a much more limited literature. This paper addresses the issue of home advantage in speed skating. From a methodological point of view, it is difficult to identify home advantage, because skaters vary in their abilities and the conditions of tournaments vary. There is a small but significant home advantage using a generalized linear mixed model, with random effects for skaters and fixed effects for skating rinks and seasons. Even though the home advantage effect exists, it is very small when compared to variation in skating times due to differences of rinks and individual abilities.     

Referee bias contributes to home advantage in English Premiership football

Abstract

Officiating bias is thought to contribute to home advantage. Recent research has shown that sports with subjective officiating tend to experience greater home advantage and that referees' decisions can be influenced by crowd noise, but little work has been done to examine whether individual referees vary in their home bias or whether biased decisions contribute to overall home advantage. We develop an ordinal regression model to determine whether various measures of home advantage are affected by the official for the match and by crowd size while controlling for team ability. We examine 5244 English Premier League (EPL) match results involving 50 referees and find that home bias differs between referees. Individual referees give significantly different levels of home advantage, measured as goal differential between the home and away teams, although the significance of this result depends on one referee with a particularly high home advantage (an outlier). Referees vary significantly and robustly in their yellow card and penalty differentials even excluding the outlier. These results confirm that referees are responsible for some of the observed home advantage in the EPL and suggest that home advantage is dependent on the subjective decisions of referees that vary between individuals. We hypothesize that individual referees respond differently to factors such as crowd noise and suggest further research looking at referees' psychological and behavioural responses to biased crowds.     

健美操训练对大学生运动员赛前心境状态的影响研究

以心境的动态平衡理论为依托,采用中文版BFS心境量表对大学生健美操运动员训练前、后的心境状态进行测量,探讨比赛性身体活动对心境的影响以及不同训练阶段的心境变化特点,为科学监控大学生运动员的赛前情绪状态、合理安排训练内容提供依据。结果表明:赛前健美操训练能逐步地将大学生运动员的良性心境调整至某一适宜水平,并对负面心境有一定的积极改善作用,最终使大学生运动员的良性心境与负性心境基本处于同一适宜水平。这也进一步佐证了心境的动态平衡理论。     

普通高校篮球教学训练中快攻意识的培养与成效研究

根据篮球运动的特点和当代篮球的发展趋势,结合高校教学的进一步改革以及青年学生参与篮球运动中的快攻意识形成及临场运用过程,对青年学生快攻意识的培养及成效进行探讨.认为篮球快攻意识是一个较为复杂的、细腻的,并且需要长期学习和培养的连续性过程,是通过反复练习和比赛实践逐渐积累形成的.在对学生进行篮球技术、战术教学的同时,必须有计划、有目的、有步骤地进行课堂教学比赛进攻快攻意识的科学训练方法,并使之贯穿于整个阶段教学过程、训练过程中,使快攻意识与其它战术意识和技、战术训练密切结合,并有效和谐的发展.     

对体育课中学生消极心理分析及对策

在体育课的教与学的活动中,教师注意研究学生心理素质,对提高教学质量有着不可估量的作用。     

诗词翻译中的审美距离与含蓄的审美效果

含蓄是中国文学语言中的重要属性,它不仅可以拉开读者与文学作品间的距离,在赋予文学作品张力的同时,给读者驰骋想象的空间。在翻译活动中,译者在适当的审美距离之内充分发挥其主观能动性,把握好原文中的含蓄表达和蕴含情感,从而使译文读者在译文阅读过程中获得与原文读者尽可能相似的审美感受,也使译文获得与原文相似的审美效果。     

电子商务与传统商务的经济环境差异分析

网络经济的出现，带来了一场商业革命，改变了传统的商贸方式。传统的工业生产是一个大批量的资源密集型产品生产过程，经济动作基本上是按古典经济学的规律进行。经济活动是相对均衡有序的。在网络经济条件下，西方经济学的一些基本原则的理念出现了革命性的变化。这主要表现在：由收益递减转变为收益递增，由不完全竞争转变为完全竞争，由计划和控制的管理转变为创新和调整的管理，从有限的内部空间转向虚拟的、综合型部门的融合，这就改变了企业的理念和营销模式，推动了产业的重组和调整，促进了经济全球化。     

电磁波穿过DNG媒质时的传播特性分析

针对广泛关注的DNG媒质(负折射率媒质),以有损耗的Drude型媒质为模型,对电磁波穿过DNG媒质的平行板时的传播特性做了理论分析;采用FDTD方法对正弦电磁波穿过DNG媒质的平行板的传播过程进行了数值建模,数值模拟的结果证明了正弦电磁波在穿过DNG媒质的平行板时仍然具有相速度与群速度方向相反的特性,为DNG媒质的广泛应用提供了理论基础.