The extent and causes of home advantage: Some recent insights

The effect of strategy instruction on response time in a sequential keypressing task was compared during acquisition and retention. Specifically, this study determined the influence of: (1) an awareness strategy, (2) a non‐awareness strategy, (3) a Five‐Step Approach strategy and (4) a control condition. Sixty‐four subjects completed 250 trials of nine sequential keypresses, and 50 trials of a dual task (keypresses and verbal report). Faster response times were found for the Five‐Step Approach and non‐awareness strategies during both acquisition and retention. Introducing beginners to strategies that are used by highly skilled performers facilitated response times.     

Feasibility of eyes open alpha power training for mental enhancement in elite gymnasts

Abstract

This study focuses on a novel, easy to use and instruction-less method for mental training in athletes. Previous findings suggest that particular mental capacities are needed for achieving peak performance; including attentional control, focus, relaxation and positive affect. Electroencephalography (EEG) alpha brain activity has been associated with neural inhibition during processes of selective attention, for improving efficiency in information processing. Here we hypothesised that eyes open alpha power training by music teaches athletes to (1) learn to self-regulate their brain activity, and (2) learn to increase their baseline alpha power, herewith improving mental capacities such as focusing the allocation of attention. The study was double-blind and placebo-controlled. Twelve elite gymnasts were either given eyes open alpha power training or random beta power training (controls). Results indicate small improvements in sleep quality, mental and physical shape. In our first attempt at getting a grip on mental capacities in athletes, we think this novel training method can be promising. Because gymnastics is one of the most mentally demanding sports, we value even small benefits for the athlete and consider them indicative for future research.     

语义预设的界定与鉴别

预设和蕴涵的鉴别是预设的语义分析重点研究的内容.现有的研究过分强调预设的真值定义和否定测试法会导致对语义预设的片面理解.因此,有必要对语义预设的界定和已有的鉴别方法进行分析,并根据预设是语义和语用的接口的语言事实,结合语用来弥补预设语义分析的缺陷,以便更准确地鉴别语义预设.     

中学化学学习中负迁移成因及教学对策

中学化学学习中的负迁移现象是指学生已有化学知识对学习内容的消极干扰作用。其在中学化学学习中的成因主要有七种:记忆定势、思维定势、理解定势、类比定势、直觉定势、操作定势和图示定势。化学教学过程中,教师应该从创设认知冲突、加强概念教学、概念转变学习、构建知识体系和重视方法教学五个方面制定对策,减少负迁移现象的发生。     

波德莱尔的美学思想初探

波德莱尔的美学理论强调审美主体与自然的应和、美的独立性、从丑恶中发掘美,希望追求现象背后的美及其表现出的无限、永恒之美;他是较早地提出、运用"现代性"概念的美学批评家,他强调了现实的瞬间的美的重要性,其实质是审美现代性,他的现代性理论是其美学思想的重要组成部分;他把自己的美学思想自觉地贯穿于其审美实践中,致力于从丑恶、现象和现实中发掘并表现恶之美、现象背后的美和瞬间美;他的审美探索具有务实性和浓厚的实践品格,但是,其过激、极端之处也是我们借鉴与评价其美学思想时应该注意的。     

浅谈otherwise的焦点标记

转折连词是英语学习中需要特别注意的一类词。这类词体现了对比关系,同时有突出句中某部分的功能。探讨了转折连词otherwise的语义焦点,并指出otherwise是后置性焦点标记词。     

论汪曾祺小说写作的“模糊性”特质

汪曾祺是一位文体学家,他的小说创作以最峻洁的体式表现最深远的意蕴,在语言的实践上,取得非凡的成就,其主要风格是清新明净的。而通过文本细读的方式,可以发现他的小说在清晰的背后隐藏着一种朦胧模糊的特质。文章通过时间的隐现、焦点的虚实、语言的焦虑三个方面,论述这种＂模糊＂状态的主要表现、成因,还有汪曾祺相应的处理方式,以更好地研究汪曾祺写作的文体操练过程及内部运行的动态机制。     

“左翼”思潮下的政治语境对文学创作的负面影响

三十年代的中国现代文学受到政治语境的影响,形成以"左翼"文学思潮为主流的文学创作氛围,作为带有强烈革命色彩的激进文学思潮,具有特殊的进步意义,但在一定程度上也损伤了文学应有的本色,给中国现代文学创作带来了负面影响。     

论基于儿童认知语言发展理论的母语正负迁移

儿童语言发展源于认知,认知的发展对于儿童语言发展有促进作用。本文通过分析儿童认知语言发展过程的规律,正确看待儿童母语对于二语习得的正负迁移影响,探讨在儿童语言关键期培养儿童第二语言习得方法,这对儿童的大脑发育、语言表达以及认知能力发展都能起到促进作用。     

母语负迁移对学生英语写作的影响——以非英语专业学生习作错误为例

母语固有的思维模式在第二语言学习中的影响是学界普遍关注的一个问题。而写作是对各种语言知识的一种综合体现,当学习者用第二语言写作时,其母语同第二语言的不同之处不可避免地会导致错误的产生。笔者选取若干非英语专业大一新生习作中的错误,采用错误分析、汉英对比以及迁移理论具体分析了母语负迁移对中国大学生英语写作的影响,并提出了建议,以期能在最大程度上削弱这种母语的负迁移影响。