Communication apprehension in a first language and self‐perceived competence as predictors of communication apprehension in a second language: A study of speakers of English as a second language

This study addresses the communication apprehension of the non‐native English speaker in the U.S. Previous studies which have examined the implications of communication apprehension (CA) for bilingual, non‐native communicators have generated results which indicate that trait‐like CA is consistent across first and second language‐speaking situations. However, none of these studies have probed the cause of the cross‐linguistic consistency of CA. This research is designed to provide a scientific explanation for the etiology of CA by applying the communibiological paradigm to CA theory and research. By selecting the situational constraints of international students, this study tests a theory based on proposition 4 of the communibiological paradigm (Beatty & McCroskey w/Valencic, 2001, p. 128): “Environment or ‘situation’ has only a negligible effect on interpersonal behavior.” The results of this study replicate the strong relationship previously observed between CA in a first language and CA in a second language. It also found that the genetic markers employed (Eysenck's Big 3 temperament variables) predicted first and second language CA approximately equally. The results indicate that, although both first and second languages are learned, the CA associated with them most likely is not.     

国外关于拖延与人格的相关研究进展

文章主要对近年来国外拖延与人格的相关研究进行了梳理,首先探讨了拖延的概念和研究方法,然后从公正严谨性、神经质等影响拖延的人格特质出发,综述近年来国外关于拖延与人格的一些相关研究,最后对目前的研究现状提出了评述和展望。     

Predicting and explaining students’ stress with the Demand–Control Model: does neuroticism also matter?

University students often report high stress levels, and studies even suggest a recent increase. However, there is a lack of theoretically based research on the structural conditions that influence students’ perceived stress. The current study compared the effects of Karasek’s demand–control dimensions with the influence of neuroticism to address environmental and individual characteristics related to stress. Two points of measurement were included: T1 in the middle of the term and T2 during the examination period. Participants were 146 psychology students at two German universities (M_age = 22.6 years). We applied an adapted version of Karasek’s Job Content Questionnaire, a self-developed stress scale, and the 21-item Big-Five-Inventory. At T1, both neuroticism and demands significantly predicted stress (total adjusted R² = .40), although relative weights analyses indicated that the contribution of demands was more pronounced (relative importance: 63%). Longitudinally, controlling for stress at T1, the demand–control dimensions explained additional variance in the increased stress level at T2, whereas neuroticism did not contribute additionally (R² = .52). Results indicate that self-reports on stress among university students are not only a reflection of underlying negative affectivity. We conclude that perceived stress can be explained by structural conditions rather than personality, providing opportunities to reduce stress among students.     

女大学生核心自我评价与主观幸福感研究

通过对250名女大学生分班测验,采用核心自我评价量表和略作修改的大学生主观幸福感量表,使用SPSS11.5软件处理全部数据,分析核心自我评价与女大学生主观幸福感总分的相关性和差异性检验,证实女大学生主观幸福感与自我满意、家庭满意、负性情绪、精力、生活满意、社会行为评价和人际关系7项因子皆相关,与正性情绪不相关,确认了核心自我评价可以很好地预测女性的主观幸福感的结论,并就二者之间的正确确立与联动予以了延伸探讨。     

人格因素对大学生上网行为的影响研究

本研究通过分别考察大学生人格因素与网络行为偏好和网络依赖状况之间的关系,探索了人格因素对大学生上网行为的影响。研究使用自编网络使用量表、中文网路成瘾量表、网络成瘾量表（Young）以及艾森克人格问卷对433位在校大学生（男生235人,女生198人）进行施测,结果发现：大学生的上网内容偏好与性别、上网时间、人格因素中的精神质和内外倾向性都有显著相关;大学生的网络依赖程度与平均上网时间有显著中等正相关,与情绪稳定性有显著中等正相关,与精神质有显著微弱正相关;网络依赖与放松休闲行为与追求刺激行为存在显著正相关。