地理教材编写感悟

中小学地理教材的研究和编写工作是一项意义深远的伟大事业。可以说,人教版地理教材50年(1950~2000年)的建设史,就是新中国基础教育地理教材前50年的建设史。在这一探索和实践的过程中,作为教材的编写者有一些心得和感悟,主要包括以下四个方面。(1)中小学地理教材的编写工作,始终在国家的各种方针、政策,以及教育行政部门制定的课程计划和教学大纲的框架下进行。为国家教育培养目标服务,体现国家意志是基础教育教材特有的性质。(2)教材编写是建立在研究基础上的。研究团队的建设是教材编写的组织保证;地理科学和地理教学的理论和实践是我们编写教材的两个重要支撑。(3)教材编写是一个不断探索和完善的过程,注重实践,坚持学习是保证教材质量的关键。(4)教材编写是一个极具挑战的研究课题,每一版教材都是其中的一个阶段性成果,而这项课题的研究也将永远持续下去。     

RPL for accreditation in higher education – As a process of mutual understanding or merely lifeworld colonisation?

This article focuses on a process of recognition of prior learning (RPL) in higher education. It is based on experiences from a project carried out in collaboration between the University of Lund, Linköping University and two trade unions in Sweden. The aim of the project was to find ways of recognising prior learning for accreditation of course credits at university level. In the project and its analysis, Habermas’ theory of communicative action was used as theoretical underpinning. During the project we carried out a thematic analysis based on interviews. The analysis suggested that the participants had a mystified view of higher education that RPL must be considered a learning process and that the participants’ prior learning can be characterised as practical wisdom. These themes guided the development of the project. In a retrospective analysis, language proficiency seemed to play a significant role for the outcome of the process. The conclusion suggests that a more fair and valid assessment of the participant’s prior learning could be accomplished by focusing on RPL as a process of mutual understanding. However, a critical appraisal of the process suggests that RPL for accreditation is problematic and could be seen as a colonisation of the lifeworld.     

对当前中国“三农”问题的几点认识

中国农业的基础性地位及其所处的从传统农业向现代农业转化的发展阶段和产业化内容决定了农村改革的主体、地权制度和乡村管理制度,也同时决定了中国现代农业的道路选择。     

基于学生理解情况研究的浮力教学设计

以问卷调查的形式对当前中学生课前对“浮力”理解情况进行调查。通过调查和研究得到以下结论：初中生认为影响浮力大小的因素中,体积、重量、深度、受力面积、质量、摆放方式所占的比例比较大。据此对“浮力”这一章节的教学设计提出建议。     

智能检索环境下的索引编制

阐述了智能检索的实质,分析了智能检索环境下编制索引遇到的障碍,探讨了实现智能检索在编制索引方面应当采取的技术,包括文档预处理技术、元数据和RDF、语义网技术和机器学习。并且举例分析了这些技术的实现问题,同时说明了索引编制的整个过程。     

班主任生活中的几个案例及解决方法

班主任工作是个复杂的工作,千头万绪,但是要想成为一个优秀的班主任最起码的一条就是要了解学生。本文笔者通过自己亲身经历的四个案例来剖析如何做到了解学生。     

及物性隐喻与英语动词隐喻否定的理解和翻译

及物性隐喻是功能语法理论的核心内容之一。运用及物性隐喻理论,提出英语动词隐喻否定概念,探讨英语动词隐喻否定特征及其表达类型,并从英汉对比和深层语义结构分析角度提出英语动词隐喻否定的理解和翻译方法。     

The role that schools hold in supporting young people with selective mutism: a systematic literature review

Schools are expected to hold an increasingly central role in co-ordinating support for children with mental health needs. However, the role that schools hold in supporting pupils with selective mutism (SM) is complex. Through a Critical Interpretive Synthesis (CIS), this review explores the multidimensional role which educational settings hold in supporting children with SM. Key databases were searched (PsycInfo, British Education Index, Education Resources Information Center, British Library EThOS and Google Scholar) and a conceptual map, informed by experienced practitioners, guided additional purposive searching with a focus on conceptual saturation. A total of twenty-four papers were identified following a further process of appraisal. Reciprocal Translational Analysis (RTA) found that schools hold a tripartite role in supporting children with SM: this incorporated developing a shared understanding of the disorder, engaging in effective (and often multi-professional) planning, and offering direct support through adapting provision and facilitating individual intervention. Through realising this role, schools and educational settings might transform the support currently available for children and young people with SM. Implications for practice, policy and future research also emerged. This included a clear need for enhanced teacher understanding of SM, arguably at the level of initial teacher training (ITT).     

数学理解的三种基本形态及教学启示

数学理解包括三种基本形态,即:记忆性理解、解释性理解和探究性理解,这三种数学理解分别对应着“记得、晓得和明得”三种不同的状态。三种数学理解对数学学习都是有价值的,但仅有记忆性和解释性理解是不够的,探究性理解才是数学教学的最终目标。实践中,不少水平不高的教师常常只能让学生达到记忆性理解,有一定水平的教师能让学生达到解释性理解,真正让学生达到探究性理解的教师并不是很多。教师要不失时机地促进学生数学理解层级的迭代升级,促使学生最终达到探究性理解,吴文俊院士数学学习的经验对把握数学理解的三种基本形态有借鉴和启迪意义。在课堂教学中引导学生从事生动活泼的数学探索性活动常常是一个相当艰难的过程,对教师的数学探究素质提出了较高的要求,教师应努力引导学生去探求数学知识的意义和发现的过程,促使学生数学探究性理解方式的养成。     

Enhancing learning,communication and public engagement about climate change – some lessons from recent literature

This paper sets out to develop key messages for the theory and practice of environmental education from a review of recent research literature on climate change communication (CCC) and education. It focuses on how learners of climate science understand messages on climate change, the communicative contexts for education on climate change, the barriers that can be found to public engagement with climate change issues, and how these barriers can be addressed. 92 peer-reviewed studies were examined. The analysis focuses on the goals and strategies of CCC, and how barriers can be addressed given the research findings on: (a) the content of CCC, (b) visualizations, (c) framing, (d) audience segmentation. The paper concludes that CCC and education need to address barriers to public engagement on several levels simultaneously. It recommends that scholars of environmental education focus critical attention on how practice addresses senses and spheres of agency; sociocultural factors; and the complexities of developing scientific literacy given the interpretative frames and prior understandings that are brought to bear by the public in non-formal education settings.