自主运动抑制tau蛋白过度磷酸化改善学习记忆的分子机制

目的探讨自主运动调节tau蛋白激酶和tau蛋白磷酸酶的基因表达,抑制APP/PS1转基因小鼠海马tau蛋白过度磷酸化,进而改善学习记忆能力的分子机制。方法C57系APP/PS1转基因小鼠随机分为运动组(TE)与对照组(TC);C57系野生小鼠亦随机分为运动组(E)与对照组(C)。其中,TE组和E组小鼠从3月龄开始,给予16周的跑轮运动装置,TC组和C组小鼠不施加运动干预,作为相应对照组。Morris水迷宫实验检测APP/PS1转基因小鼠的空间学习记忆能力,Western Blot实验检测海马磷酸化tau蛋白(P-tau)水平,RT-PCR实验检测海马tau蛋白及tau蛋白激酶GSK-3β和CDK-5,tau蛋白磷酸酶PP2A和PP1 mRNA表达。结果(1)与TC组相比,TE组小鼠Morris水迷宫游泳潜伏期显著性降低(P<0.05),平台象限的游泳时间百分比显著性增加(P<0.05),穿越原平台位置的次数极显著性增加(P<0.01);(2)与TC组相比,TE组小鼠海马总tau蛋白mRNA表达显著下调(P<0.05),Ser202位点和Thr181位点P-tau蛋白表达均显著性下调(P<0.05);(3)与TC组相比,TE组小鼠海马tau蛋白磷酸化激酶GSK-3β(P<0.01)和CDK-5(P<0.05)mRNA表达显著性下调,tau蛋白磷酸酶PP2A(P<0.01)和PP1(P<0.01)mRNA表达极显著性下调。结论16周自主运动通过下调tau蛋白激酶表达、上调tau蛋白磷酸酶表达,抑制APP/PS1转基因小鼠海马tau蛋白的过度磷酸化,进而促进海马神经细胞功能,改善转基因小鼠学习记忆。说明自主运动可通过调节脑的分子生物学机制,促进认知功能的改善和提升,预防和缓解阿尔茨海默病。     

Lipoprotein(a) in Children of Asian Indian Descendants and Their Caucasian Neighbors: The Slovak Lipid Community Study

To elucidate a higher rate of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Asian Indian descendants (Roma) in Slovakia, we investigated frequency distribution, correlates and relationship of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] to family CVD risk factors in Roma children and their Caucasian neighbors. The study sample consisted of 607 healthy children aged 7–18 years (55% Roma, 48% male) as part of the biracial (Roma–Caucasian) Slovak Lipid Community Study. Overall, frequency distribution data of Lp(a) were highly skewed to low concentrations, with markedly higher Lp(a) levels in Roma than in Caucasian children (median and range, mg/dL: 14.5; 0–159.2 vs 6.2; 0–112.3, P < 0.001), regardless of age and gender. Lp(a) was positively correlated with apo B (0.159, P = 0.004) in Roma, and LDL cholesterol (0.170, P = 0.005) in Caucasian children. In addition, daily income of the family was negatively related with Lp(a) in Roma (−0.134, P = 0.036) while positively in Caucasians (0.136, P = 0.047). For both race groups, no significant association was found between Lp(a) and age, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, smoking, and physical activity. Also, no significant relationships were examined between serum Lp(a) levels >30 mg/dL in children and family CVD risk factors, except for diabetes mellitus in parents of Caucasian origin (OR 4.46; 95%CI: 1.23–16.20). In a multivariate analysis, daily income, LDL cholesterol or apo B explained ~7% of the variance of Lp(a). This study suggests a significantly higher serum Lp(a) levels in Roma than in Caucasian children and a small effect, in general, of relevant CVD risk factors on the variation of Lp(a) levels in childhood.     

浅谈多媒体在肾脏病留学生教学中的应用

通过分析医学留学生的学习特点,总结肾内科专业留学生教学经验,探讨多媒体教学在留学生教学工作的优势,以利于更好地开展留学生教学工作,提高教学质量。     

Congenital atresia of the left main coronary artery in an infant

Congenital atresia of the left main coronary artery is a rare occurrence, and surgical revascularizationbypass graft is required. We here report a rare case of congenital coronary anomaly in an infant. A 10-month-old male infant was admitted to the hospital with heart failure symptoms. Echocardiographic examinations revealed mitral valve regurgitation and ischemic changes of the anterolateral papillary muscle and chordae. Coronary angiography showed atresia of the left main coronary artery with a severe hypoplastic left anterior descending artery and a circumflex coronary artery. Unfortunately, sudden cardiac arrest occurred after catheterization and the infant did not recover despite of immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Further studies are needed to find a newer diagnostic method to detect coronary anomaly in an infant, and coronary angiography, if necessary, has to be performed very carefully.     

Chewing substances with or without tobacco and risk of cardiovascular disease in Asia: a meta-analysis

Objective  

To assess whether people who ever use any form of chewing substance in Asia are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).     

传染病防控的国际合作机制演进与国际卫生法的实践

19世纪以前,主权国家通过实施隔离与检疫措施,建设国内公共卫生体系来抗击传染病的侵袭。之后,国际社会则通过寻求国际卫生合作,构建传染病的国际治理机制以控制传染病的扩散。但该体制存在严重缺陷,不能适应传染病全球化的新发展,必须对其不断完善,建立全球卫生治理的新机制。     

毕淑敏与贾平凹疾病叙事比较分析

疾病是生活中人们较为回避的话题,但它对人的生活的影响却并不因我们的回避而消失。在文学作品中,越来越多的作家对疾病话题进行了探讨。从不同的角度展现出不同的疾病叙事,引进了社会对疾病问题的审视。本文着重分析“文学界的白衣天使”毕淑敏和“文坛病人”贾平凹作品中的疾病叙事特征。     

Inactivation of infectious bursal disease virus by binary ethylenimine and formalin

In this experiment conducted to study the inactivation dynamics of infectious bursal disease virus （IBDV） by binary ethylenimine （BEI） in comparison with formalin, IBDV was isolated from the bursa of infected chickens and its confirmation was done by agar gel precipitation test. Viral suspensions were subjected to inactivation with BEI and formalin for pre-set time in- tervals. BEI was employed at concentrations of 0.001 and 0.002 mol/L while formalin was used at 0.1% and 0.2%. Sampling was done at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of incubation and samples were tested for their inactivation status in 9-day-old embryonated eggs and 3-week-old broiler chickens. IBDV was completely inactivated by 0.001 and 0.002 mol/L BEI after 36 h of incubation at 37℃, whereas formalin at 0. 1% and 0.2% concentrations inactivated IBDV in 24 h.     

关于水泥混凝土路面基层材料的探讨

针对水泥混凝土路面的主要病害和机理,探讨选择基层材料的合理性及其施工方法,以减少水泥混凝土路面的施工病害。     

Sensemaking and crisis revisited: the failure of sensemaking during the Flint water crisis

ABSTRACT

This study operationalized Weick’s [(1988). Enacted sensemaking in crisis situations. Journal of Management Studies 25(4), 305–317 and (1993). The collapse of sensemaking in organizations: The Mann Gulch disaster. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38, 628–652] theory of enacted sensemaking to examine the communication processes associated with the Flint Water Crisis of 2014–2015. A content analysis of 389 emails and attachments from a total population of N?=?37,376 pages of publicly released e-mails and documents pertaining to Flint’s water issues, identified examples of failed sensemaking by government officials. These failures hastened and intensified a growing crisis of lead contamination and an outbreak of Legionnaires disease associated with Flint’s municipal water system. Analysis of email messages suggests that strong commitments by top leaders and limited capacity were important factors as were efforts to create and maintain consensus among officials. The Flint Water Crisis offers an important application of sensemaking theory and its utility for both organizational and risk communication scholars and for practical application. The authors emphasize the importance of questioning previous assumptions and commitments, insuring that communication practitioners are involved in decisions, and avoiding over reliance on image repair as a strategic response.