High-resolution mapping of brain vasculature and its impairment in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease mice

Accumulating evidence indicates the critical importance of cerebrovascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer''s disease (AD). However, systematic comparative studies on the precise brain vasculature of wild-type and AD model mice are still rare. Using an image-optimization method for analysing Micro-Optical Sectioning Tomography (MOST) data, we generated cross-scale whole-brain 3D atlases that cover the entire vascular system from large vessels down to smallest capillaries at submicron resolution, for both wild-type mice and a transgenic (APP/PS1) mouse model of AD. In addition to distinct vascular patterns in different brain regions, we found that the main vessels of the molecular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG-ml) undergo abrupt changes in both diameter and branch angle, spreading a unique comb-like pattern of capillaries. By using a quantitative analysis workflow, we identified in the hippocampus of AD mice an overall reduction of the mean vascular diameter, volume fraction and branch angle, with most significant impairment in the DG-ml. In addition, virtual endoscopy revealed irregular morphological features in the vessel lumen of the AD mice, potentially contributing to the impairment of blood flow. Our results demonstrate the capability of high-resolution cross-scale evaluation of brain vasculature and underscore the importance of studying hippocampal microcirculation for understanding AD pathogenesis.     

“阿尔茨海默病”在《中图法》中的类目设置探讨

近年来,有关阿尔茨海默病的文献大量涌现,但《中图法》第4版中并无相关类目。通过对《中图法》R749．16老年及早老性精神障碍和中国精神疾病分类的分析,参照国际疾病分类（ICD-10）和《美国精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第4版修订本（DSM-IV-R）和《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准》第3版（CCMD-3）相关类目的现行标准和原则,提出3种分类方案。     

离散型随机变量的数学期望在法律、医学和经济等问题中的应用

数学期望是随机变量的重要的数字特征之一。本文通过民事纠纷、疾病普查和利润的例子探讨离散型随机变量的数学期望在法律、医学和经济等问题的应用。     

从神经生理谈老年性痴呆症的发病机制与疗法

从神经生理的角度分析了老年痴呆症的发病机制,认为老年痴呆与胆碱能、单胺能、神经肽能等多种递质和调制物的功能障碍有着直接的联系,提出了根据病因采用中药、西药和康复3大类的治疗方法。     

对一例精神病患者子女的个案研究

采用半结构访谈的研究方法,对一位母亲患有精神疾病的子女进行访谈,深入了解了精神疾病患者子女的体验,并初步探讨了为患者子女营造良好生长环境的对策。     

试论莆仙戏演员的嗓音保健和音乐疗法

对于莆仙戏演员而言各种嗓音病变直接影响歌唱者的舞台表现,严重者甚至会终止演员的职业生涯。本文通过对发声器官以及对导致嗓音疾病原因、症状进行的分析,有针对性地提出相关的音乐辅助疗法,以增强发声机能,从而达到莆仙戏演员的嗓音保健目的。     

对《所罗门之歌》的精神生态解读

本文应用生态批评理论中的精神生态思想来分析《所罗门之歌》中的生态思想,揭露了反映在小说中主要人物身上的精神疾病的症状,分析了精神疾病的深居原因,即物质主义、黑人文化传统的缺失和种族主义,并尝试在此基础上为解决精神疾病问题提出出路。     

CRISPR/Cas: a Nobel Prize award-winning precise genome editing technology for gene therapy and crop improvement

Since it was first recognized in bacteria and archaea as a mechanism for innate viral immunity in the early 2010 s,clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein(Cas) has rapidly been developed into a robust, multifunctional genome editing tool with many uses. Following the discovery of the initial CRISPR/Cas-based system, the technology has been advanced to facilitate a multitude of different functions. These include development as a base editor, prime editor, epigenetic editor, and CRISPR interference(CRISPRi) and CRISPR activator(CRISPRa) gene regulators. It can also be used for chromatin and RNA targeting and imaging. Its applications have proved revolutionary across numerous biological fields, especially in biomedical and agricultural improvement. As a diagnostic tool, CRISPR has been developed to aid the detection and screening of both human and plant diseases, and has even been applied during the current coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic. CRISPR/Cas is also being trialed as a new form of gene therapy for treating various human diseases, including cancers, and has aided drug development. In terms of agricultural breeding, precise targeting of biological pathways via CRISPR/Cas has been key to regulating molecular biosynthesis and allowing modification of proteins, starch, oil, and other functional components for crop improvement. Adding to this, CRISPR/Cas has been shown capable of significantly enhancing both plant tolerance to environmental stresses and overall crop yield via the targeting of various agronomically important gene regulators. Looking to the future, increasing the efficiency and precision of CRISPR/Cas delivery systems and limiting off-target activity are two major challenges for wider application of the technology. This review provides an in-depth overview of current CRISPR development, including the advantages and disadvantages of the technology,recent applications, and future considerations.     

肉鸡猝死的病因分析与防制措施

1肉鸡猝死综合症的临床诊断1.1临床症状本病多发生于3—5周龄的雏鸡。患病鸡突然发病,平衡失调,两翅猛烈扑打,肌肉强痉挛,尖叫翻滚,呈仰卧姿势,头颈扭曲而亡。从发病到死亡经过不足一分钟。多发于生长快、外表健康、体状良好的鸡只。1.2病理变化对患病死亡后的鸡只剖检,发现冠髯和泄殖粘膜及脾脏充血,全身肌肉苍白,消化道内充满食物,肝脏肿大、质地易碎;肺肿大,弥漫淤血水肿,呈暗红色,气管内有泡沫状渗出物;心脏明显增大2—4倍,心肌松软,心包渗出液增多,静脉怒张。采集病料进行微生物培养阴性。1.3鉴别诊断本病与澳大利亚报道的肉鸡峰型死亡…     

苹果白粉病发生特点及药剂防治技术初探

通过对苹果白粉病4～5月份发病情况的田间调查,结果表明:苹果白粉病在4～9月为病害发生期,其中 4～5月气温较低,枝梢组织幼嫩,为白粉病发生盛期,对果树的中后期生长发育影响极大。6～8月发病缓慢或停滞。杀菌剂防治苹果白粉病的田间试验结果表明:4月中旬病害发生初期开始喷药,一般防效可达80％左右。喷药3～4 次,间隔10～15 d左右喷药一次。在使用药剂防治苹果白粉病时,不论是保护性杀菌剂还是治疗性杀菌剂,都应坚持轮换用药的原则。此外,在使用药剂防治该病的同时,还应辅以花期人工摘除,结合冬剪,剪除破芽,压低病原基数等农业技术措施进行防治。