Sports activity patterns and cardio-metabolic health over time among adults in Germany: Results of a nationwide 12-year follow-up study

BackgroundPhysical activity is favorable for health, and vigorous sports activity is particularly beneficial. This study investigates the association between changes in sports participation patterns over time and cardio-metabolic and self-perceived health outcomes.MethodsData from 3752 adults (18–79 years of age) who participated in 2 national health interview and examination surveys in 1997–1999 and 2008–2011 were included, with a mean follow-up time of about 12 years. A change in self-reported sports activity was analyzed with respect to the incidence of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and poor self-perceived health. Participants with pre-existing disease or risk factor of interest at baseline were excluded from the analysis. Being sufficiently active in sports was specified as doing sports for at least 1–2 h per week, and 4 activity categories were defined: 1) inactive at both time points (inactive–inactive), 2) inactive at baseline and active at follow-up (inactive–active), 3) active at baseline and inactive at follow-up (active–inactive), and 4) active at both time points (active–active). Associations between sports activity engagement and health outcomes were estimated by logistic regression models with different stages of adjustments.ResultsNot engaging in any regular sports activity at both time points (inactive–inactive) was associated with higher rates of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio (OR) = 1.82, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.08–3.08), CHD (OR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.16–2.84), hypertension (OR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.03–1.81), metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.08–2.32), and poor self-perceived health (OR = 2.54, 95%CI: 1.83–3.53) compared to doing regular sports for a minimum of 1–2 h per week over time (active–active). In case of change from inactivity to any regular sports activity (inactive–active), the rate of risk factor occurrence was not statistically different from the active–active reference group except for poor self-perceived health, but it was higher for type 2 diabetes (OR = 2.15, 95%CI: 1.12–4.14) and CHD (OR = 1.77, 95%CI: 1.03–3.03). Being active at baseline but inactive at follow-up (active–inactive) was not associated with higher disease incidence of type 2 diabetes (OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.25–1.97) or CHD (OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 0.49–2.99), but was associated with higher rates of hypertension (OR = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.11–2.34), obesity (OR = 2.34, 95%CI: 1.53–3.57), metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.70, 95%CI: 1.11–2.63), and poor self-perceived health (OR = 2.16, 95%CI: 1.53–3.07) at follow-up.ConclusionEven a low weekly quantity (1–2 h) of regular sports activity is partly associated with health benefits. Being formerly but not currently active was not associated with an increased disease incidence, but was associated with a higher risk-factor development compared to the reference group (active–active). Becoming active was preventive for risk-factor development but was not preventive for disease incidence, which probably means that the health benefits from sports activity are not sustainable and disease incidence is only shifted to a later period in life. For this reason, the promotion of and commitment to regular sports activity should be addressed as early as possible over the lifespan to achieve the best health benefits.     

运动通过改善PD模型小鼠纹状体D2MSN-D1MSN侧抑制效应调节基底神经节信息输出

目的:通过研究运动及多巴胺II型受体(dopamine type II receptor,D2R)激动剂干预对PD模型小鼠纹状体D2MSN-D1MSN侧抑制效应的影响,揭示运动在改善PD小鼠基底神经节信息输出中的作用及机制。方法:选用4周龄雄性D2-Cre小鼠,右侧纹状体注射兴奋性光敏感蛋白病毒(rAAV-Ef1α-DIO-ChR2-EYFP-WPRE-pA),通过光遗传技术精准操控D2MSN。小鼠随机分为对照组(D2-Cre)和模型组,纹状体分别注射生理盐水和神经毒素6-羟基多巴胺(6-Hydroxydopamine hydrobromide,6-OHDA),经鉴定符合PD标准的模型组小鼠再分为PD组(PDD2-Cre)和PD运动组(PD+Ex D2-Cre)。采用4周匀速跑台运动(18 m/min,40 min/天,连续5天/周)和D2R激动剂分别对各组小鼠进行干预。实验结束后,制备离体脑片,利用全细胞膜片钳结合光遗传技术检测各组小鼠纹状体D2MSN-D1MSN侧抑制效应及黑质网状部的信息输出,并验证侧抑制效应的变化是否由D2R介导。结果:光刺激D2-MSN后,D1-MSN动作电位发放个数PDD2-Cre组显著低于D2-Cre组(P<0.05);PD+ExD2-Cre组显著高于PDD2-Cre组,但仍低于D2-Cre组(P<0.05)。光刺激D2-MSN诱发D1-MSN抑制性突触后电流(Optogenetic stimulation evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents,oIPSC)的幅值与基线比值,PDD2-Cre组显著高于D2-Cre组(P<0.05),PD+ExD2-Cre组显著低于PDD2-Cre组,但高于D2-Cre组(P<0.05);光刺激D2-MSN诱发黑质网状部(SNr)抑制性突触后场电位(field inhibitory post synaptic potential,fIPSP)最大幅值,PDD2-Cre组显著低于D2-Cre组(P<0.05),PD+ExD2-Cre组显著高于PDD2-Cre组,但低于D2-Cre组(P<0.05)。结论:PD模型小鼠纹状体D2MSN-D1MSN侧抑制效应异常,并影响了SNr的信息输出,这可能是导致PD基底神经节功能紊乱的重要原因之一。4周运动干预通过改善PD模型小鼠纹状体D2MSN-D1MSN侧抑制效应,调节了SNr的信息输出。D2R在运动改善PD小鼠纹状体D2MSN-D1MSN侧抑制效应和调节基底神经节信息输出中起重要作用。     

针对专业特点开展疾病预防等专业的微生物学实验教学

按照预防医学等专业特点开展微生物实验教学,培养出高质量不同专业医学人才,达到知识的传递与人才培养的方向和人才将来的去向相结合,在实验教学中充分体现以学生为主体,培养学生的能力,切实提高微生物学实验质量。     

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全民健身的重要途经就是体育运动。目前 ,我国城乡居民的健康状况多以非传染性疾病为主。这类疾病的主要原因就是生活方式不合理。体育运动最大限度地保持着生活方式的合理性。如何发展体育运动 ,促进民族健康 ?本文做了前瞻性社会学思考。     

亚低温有氧运动联合干预NAFLD的可能生物学机制述评

综述了非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)致病机制、有氧运动诸多雏持稳态机制与低温生物学综合效应研究概况.科学猜测与述评亚低温与有氧运动联合干预NAFLD的可能生物学机制是亚低温诱导机体生成应激蛋白发挥综合生物效应与有氧运动促机体抗氧化应激、抑制线粒体凋亡、改善内质网应激与胰岛素抵抗,抗炎症作用共同实现NAFLD病理性的可逆改善.     

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笔者针对目前形势下,高校大学生普遍存在的心理问题与心理疾病,分析了图书馆加强大学生心理健康教育的重要意义;同时,阐述了在高校馆试行"阅读疗法"的必要性与可行性;并总结了试行"阅读疗法"应着重注意的瓶颈问题及其局限,预见了其未来发展趋势。     

上皮细胞生物学——生物医学多学科交叉的切入点

上皮细胞在机体内分布广泛,介导着包括呼吸、消化、生殖、听觉和免疫防御在内的一系列重要生理功能。上皮细胞功能紊乱将会导致广泛的病例改变和疾病,例如囊性纤维化病。"上皮细胞生物学研究中心"成立10年来,致力于上皮细胞生物学相关的研究,并通过多学科交叉性的合作取得了一定的成果。本文总结了研究中心以上皮细胞作为多学科交叉的切入点的研究进展,并探讨上皮细胞生物学对机体功能与疾病研究的重要性。     

冠心病患者的甲襞微循环改变

本文对30例冠心病患者进行了甲襞微循环观察,同时以30例健康人作为对照,应用田牛甲襞微循环加权积分法,进行了综合分析。结果表明:疾病组加权积分值均高于对照组(P<0.01),微循环轻度至中度异常,尤以管袢畸型、血流缓慢、红细胞中度聚集以及渗出显著。现报告如下:     

《沉沦》和中国传统社会人文体格的初步剖析

以《沉沦》为代表的郁达夫小说中包含了强烈的病态美,决定这种独特美感的发生、变化的根本原因是中国传统社会的人文体格,而主要人物的病态反应则直接源于传统社会的文化基因。     

家蚕微粒子病显微镜判别时期的探讨

研究了显微镜检出蚕微粒子病的时期与微孢子虫感染剂量、感染蚕龄和所取样本的关系⒚结果表明,蚁蚕和２ 龄起蚕感染高剂量微孢子虫时,能在当龄镜检出孢子,感染低剂量微孢子虫时,可在次龄或以后镜检出孢子⒚从感染蚕中肠、粪便和蚕整体中镜检出孢子的时期,随微孢子虫感染剂量增大和感染蚕龄降低而提早,并且镜检出的时期从先到后分别为病蚕中肠、病蚕整体与病蚕粪便⒚本试验结果对于当前蚕微粒子病防治工作有积极的指导意义⒚