非经典PBL在“病免”教学中对护生学习效果的影响

目的探讨非经典PBL教学法在"病免"教学中如何有效地增强学生的学习欲望。方法将2011级护理专业的10个班分成两个组,实验组实施非经典PBL教学法,对照组实施传统讲授法;分别从问卷调查和期末考试成绩来评估非经典PBL教学法对学习效果的影响。结果实验组期末成绩优于对照组P<0.05,问卷调查的数据显示实验组和对照组实验前后及实验组在实验前后的问卷调查有显著差异P<0.05。结论非经典PBL教学法能有效地调动学习积极性,提高学习兴趣,转变学习观念,为临床课学习奠定基础,适用于"病免"教学。     

试论地理环境与地方病之间的关系

人的身体是由化合物组成的,而化合物又是由化学元素组成的。环境中某种化学元素过多或缺乏都会影响人体的健康。近年来,由于环境污染而导致的人体中毒事件屡有发生。通过对甲状腺肿、克山病、氟斑牙等地方病的分析,旨在说明地理环境与地方病的关系,从而引起大家对环境的关注。     

中华绒螯蟹细菌性颤抖病的药物敏感性

对杭州地区患颤抖病的中华绒螯蟹血液、肌肉、口器进行了细菌分离，获得的3菌株对健康蟹均有较强的感染力．此3菌株对48种药物敏感性不尽相同，但对西力欣、亚胺培南、头孢西丁、舒普深、氟哌酸、复达欣、氟嗪酸、洛美沙星，环丙沙星、丁胺卡那、菌必治等均较敏感，选取成本较低的氟哌酸与环丙沙星进行治疗，效果显著，治愈率均高达90％以上．     

上皮细胞生物学——生物医学多学科交叉的切入点

上皮细胞在机体内分布广泛,介导着包括呼吸、消化、生殖、听觉和免疫防御在内的一系列重要生理功能。上皮细胞功能紊乱将会导致广泛的病例改变和疾病,例如囊性纤维化病。"上皮细胞生物学研究中心"成立10年来,致力于上皮细胞生物学相关的研究,并通过多学科交叉性的合作取得了一定的成果。本文总结了研究中心以上皮细胞作为多学科交叉的切入点的研究进展,并探讨上皮细胞生物学对机体功能与疾病研究的重要性。     

Is adult celiac disease really uncommon in Chinese?

Celiac disease (CD) is a type of intestinal malabsorption syndrome, in which the patients are intolerant to the gliadin in dietary gluten, resulting in chronic diarrhea and secondary malnutrition. The disease is common in Europe and the United States, but only sporadic reports are found in East Asia including China. Is CD really rare in China? We examined 62 patients by capsule endoscopy for chronic diarrhea from June 2003 to March 2008. Four patients with chronic diarrhea and weight loss were diagnosed to have CD. Under the capsule endoscopy, we observed that the villi of the proximal small bowel became short, and that the mucous membrane became atrophied in these four patients. Duodenal biopsies were performed during gastroscopy and the pathological changes of mucosa were confirmed to be Marsh 3 stage of CD. A gluten free diet significantly improved the conditions of the four patients. We suspect that in China, especially in the northern area where wheat is the main food, CD might not be uncommon, and its under-diagnosis could be caused by its clinical manifestations that could be easily covered by the symptoms from other clinical situations, particularly when it came to subclinical patients without obvious symptom or to patients with extraintestinal symptoms as the initial manifestations.     

Perfectionism in Relation to Stress and Cardiovascular Disease Among Gifted Individuals and the Need for Affective Interventions

Maladaptive perfectionism has the potential to put gifted individuals at an increased risk for cardiac events via the reduced heart rate variability that results from chronic negative affect and physiological stress reactions. As a result, implementing affective interventions into gifted programs may play a critical role in teaching gifted children with maladaptive perfectionism stress-management techniques and coping strategies, which could help keep gifted children with maladaptive perfectionism from growing into adults with similar issues who are then at an increased risk of negative health consequences. Through a review of the theoretical and empirical literature, the current article explores the possible ramifications of maladaptive perfectionism on the health of both gifted children and adults, with a specific focus on the relationship of maladaptive perfectionism to stress and cardiovascular disease. Suggestions for the implementation of preventative measures in the form of targeted affective interventions based on the review of the literature are then provided.     

元胡新品种选育

对采用大田单株法筛选出的元胡大叶型和小叶型两个品种的植株性状、抗病性、品质和产量进行了比较，结果表明，大叶型元胡是一个较为理想的品种类型，其产量可比目前大田种植的农家品种提高１０％左右。     

Gamma heavy chain disease in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis – a laboratory evaluation

Introduction:

Heavy chain diseases (HCD) are neoplastic proliferations of B cells which secrete truncated immunoglobulin heavy chains without associated light chains. Being rare and probably underdiagnosed diseases the aim of this report is to show an additional case of gamma heavy chain disease in a 48 year old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis focusing on the laboratory presentation.

Materials and methods:

Laboratory work-up included agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE), capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), immunofixation and nephelometrically determined immunoglobulin and immunoglobulin subclasses of the patient’s serum. Urine samples were also subjected to immunofixation and to a SDS-PAGE with consecutive immunoblot.

Results:

Nephelometrically measured elevated IgG concentrations were noted in combination with a decreased gamma globulin region and an increased beta globulin region on AGE. A definite monoclonal spike was not identified on AGE but at least suspected on CZE; finally serum and urine immunofixation demonstrated a monoclonal gamma heavy chain devoid of any corresponding light chains confirming the diagnosis of HCD. Analysis of the gamma heavy chain (HC) with means of SDS-PAGE revealed proteins of 40 kD and 80 kD most likely presenting a truncated HC in its monomeric and dimeric form and possibly leading to the failure of IgG-subclass typing with the applied IgG subclass antisera.

Conclusion:

This case report illustrates a new case of gamma HCD demonstrating variable laboratory manifestations and therefore the need for heightened awareness concerning this disease when confronted with abnormal and discrepant protein profiles in routinely applied laboratory tests.     

历史学语境下考察改变人类历史进程的流行性疫病

自然变迁和人类活动使人类与微寄生系统交往的失衡常常导致流行性疫病大范围暴发和长时间蔓延,由此对人的健康与生命安全造成了重大威胁,也导致社会秩序混乱,甚至使人类文明面临难以延续的危机。古往今来,为解决威胁生命安全、经济发展和社会稳定的瘟疫疾患,人类一直在不懈地探索防控流行性疫病的应对机制,如研发流行性疫病疫苗、采取隔离措施、推动公共卫生防疫、完善防治流行性疫病的现代协同治理模式等。当下,人类需总结历史经验又应反思灾难治理中存在的现实问题,这对更好地改善当代和未来人类的生存状况及巩固其在历史发展中的主体地位具有重要的意义。     

人体器官芯片

人体器官芯片是一门新兴的前沿科学技术,也是一门典型的多学科交叉汇聚技术,对人类健康和生物产业发展具有重要战略意义,吸引了来自政府、科学界和产业界的关注,被2016年达沃斯世界经济论坛列为"十大新兴技术"之一。人体器官芯片指的是一种在载玻片大小芯片上构建的器官生理微系统,包含有活体细胞、组织界面、生物流体和机械力等器官微环境关键要素。它可在体外模拟人体不同组织器官的主要结构功能特征和复杂的器官间联系,用以预测人体对药物或外界不同刺激产生的反应,在生命科学和医学研究、新药研发、个性化医疗、毒性预测和生物防御等领域具有广泛应用前景。文章概述性介绍了人体器官芯片的起源、国际发展态势和研究进展,并对其面临的挑战和未来发展趋势予以展望。