新闻失信及其制度性原因探究

当前我国新闻业在社会主义市场经济中运行,无论从新闻的本质属性还是从新闻业的产业属性来看,新闻信用都是新闻业发展的基石。近年来各类新闻失信现象频发,严重危害新闻业乃至整个社会的健康发展。新闻信用制度体系和配套体系的缺陷,是造成新闻失信的重要制度性原因,改善我国新闻信用现状就要从这两方面入手。     

新闻与报告文学特征之比较——以高中语文教材必修1册第四单元为例

新闻与报告文学是两种不同类型的文体,因具有写真人真事的写实性共性特征,高中语文教材将这两种不同体裁的文章归到一个单元。以教材的文章为例,阐述新闻与报告文学两种体裁的异同、立意和选材的规律以及结构方法和表现手法的特征。     

市场细分与教育学本科专业就业模块设计

随着中师教育的消失,普通师范教育大学教育学专业毕业生被迫转入到与中小学教师的就业竞争之中.然而,教育学专业的培养目标并非学科教师,如此显然陷入了尴尬的就业局面.基于对教育学的学科优势以及市场发展趋势的分析,大学教育学院专业人才培养可以面向以下四大基本方向:教育新闻传媒、学校经营管理、教育咨询服务和政治学科教学.     

Building Political Economic Literacy in an Unexpected Place

How important is it for journalism, media, public relations and communication studies students more generally to acquire literacy in political economy? How possible is it for this to happen while maintaining now established specialized communication, journalism, media, public relations degrees or at least professional strands within communication degrees? A recent media campaign in Australia over a proposed mining tax throws into relief communication professionals' need for literacy in the orientations and positions of political economy. A recently implemented course gives some indicators of what can be achieved in this area. The article is thus about the spread and purchase of a culturally informed political economy rather than knotty questions within it. The article, first, sets out in brief key aspects of the media campaign in question and one journalist's reflection on the challenges it posed. It discusses what might be involved in equipping students with how to meet those challenges, placing this in the wider context of a course that introduces communication students to a non-reductionist, interdisciplinary political economy.     

受众意识在我国对外文化传播中的重要性

文化传播是国家发展的要务。传播驱动着翻译对受众产生影响,受众反馈与文化的传播推广联系紧密。以受众为主线,对翻译实践中多元素关联展开梳理,围绕时代需求与传播瓶颈、主体经验差异、文本类型与受众群体关系等方面,阐述当代中国对外传播中受众意识的重要性。事实证明,注重受众反馈,科学分析文本类型,积极依据受众文化背景、认知水平、实际需求等实施动态顺应的翻译策略能有助于提高翻译实效,切实推进对外文化交流。     

Populist linguistic tone in recent U.S. presidential campaign discourse: a DICTION analysis

ABSTRACT

This study analyzed the tone of public campaign remarks of right- and left-wing populist (Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders, respectively) and right and left-wing non-populist (Mitt Romney and Hillary Clinton, respectively) U.S. presidential candidates using DICTION 7.0. Findings suggest that populists tended to use a linguistic tone that is high in pessimism, group abstractness, and exclusion. Pessimism and group abstractness were positively associated with immigration language in right-wing populist speech. Commonality and “we-ness” were positively associated with populist language in left-wing populist speech.     

Modelling Quoting in Newswriting: A Framework for Studies on the Production of News

ABSTRACT

The Mediated Social Communication (MSC) approach considers mass media a venue for opposing and complementary societal groups to publicly negotiate socially relevant topics. This negotiation is conducted through representatives of these groups and mediated by journalists. Inspired by the MSC approach, this paper presents an empirically grounded model that structures the mediating process through the process of quoting. By identifying the key phases of newswriting as sub-processes of quoting, the paper argues that journalists (1) decide on a topical issue to be addressed (topicalisation), (2) identify groups of people who are linked to this issue (societal localisation), (3) pick some people as representatives of these societal groups (personalisation), and (4) verbalise these people's points of view, often by means of quoting, inter alia (verbalisation). The four-phase model is then operationalised into a data collection method that facilitates access to and fosters new insights into the subtle dynamics of newswriting. Hitherto, these dynamics have often remained obscure, because the craft ethos is adopted as tacit knowledge through implicit socialisation and is therefore difficult for journalists to verbalise. The paper concludes by calling for reconsideration of journalists’ role as gatekeepers who decide which issues and voices are heard in public discourse.     

Sensemaking and crisis revisited: the failure of sensemaking during the Flint water crisis

ABSTRACT

This study operationalized Weick’s [(1988). Enacted sensemaking in crisis situations. Journal of Management Studies 25(4), 305–317 and (1993). The collapse of sensemaking in organizations: The Mann Gulch disaster. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38, 628–652] theory of enacted sensemaking to examine the communication processes associated with the Flint Water Crisis of 2014–2015. A content analysis of 389 emails and attachments from a total population of N?=?37,376 pages of publicly released e-mails and documents pertaining to Flint’s water issues, identified examples of failed sensemaking by government officials. These failures hastened and intensified a growing crisis of lead contamination and an outbreak of Legionnaires disease associated with Flint’s municipal water system. Analysis of email messages suggests that strong commitments by top leaders and limited capacity were important factors as were efforts to create and maintain consensus among officials. The Flint Water Crisis offers an important application of sensemaking theory and its utility for both organizational and risk communication scholars and for practical application. The authors emphasize the importance of questioning previous assumptions and commitments, insuring that communication practitioners are involved in decisions, and avoiding over reliance on image repair as a strategic response.     

自引研究综述:科学评价与科学交流中的质疑、求证与创新

[目的/意义]自引本是科学交流的一种普遍现象，但在科学评价问题上却陷入了长久的争议。自引研究综述有助于增进学者们对自引的认识和了解，理清对自引的偏见与误解，启发更多人对自引做持续的关注与思索。[方法/过程]通过国内外相关文献的系统调研分析，客观描述自引研究的发展历程与现状，梳理其学术脉络和演化轨迹，归纳主要成果和思想，指出当前研究存在的问题，预测未来研究重点与方向。[结果/结论]自引研究经历了长期的质疑和反复的求证，至今并无定论，分歧源于研究视角的差异。自引研究亟需新的突破，重心将从单纯的计量与统计分析转向数据背后规律和机理的深度挖掘与解析，自引在考察学术传承和知识扩散方面的功能也将被进一步发掘。     

Engaged Journalism and News Work: A Sociotechnical Analysis of Organizational Dynamics and Professional Challenges

ABSTRACT

Building upon the sociotechnical perspective presented by Lewis and Westlund (2015, “Actors, Actants, Audiences, and Activities in Cross-media News Work: A Matrix and a Research Agenda.” Digital Journalism 3 (1): 19–37. doi:10.1080/21670811.2014.927986), this study examines organizational dynamics, technological affordances and professional challenges of engaged journalism practices by analyzing how Hearken, one of the most celebrated audience engagement companies, and its tools and services are being implemented in 15 U.S. news organizations. This framework identifies Hearken and organizations like it as important “external actors” providing technological “actants” that are shaping how newsrooms report the news by providing ways for audiences to be brought into producing the news, particularly during the earlier phases of the reporting process. Based on in-depth interviews, we find that nearly every news organization in our sample reports some measure of success by using Hearken for involving audience members throughout the production of news. At the same time, we also identify how this implementation is significantly shaped by organizational imperatives and the models particular organizations create for producing audience-centric news work. Ultimately, this study presents a partial update to the decades-long literature on participatory journalism by suggesting that engaged journalism practices actually create opportunities for meaningful audience involvement.