论我国弱势群体的社会保障

社会主义改革是分阶段进行的,在改革的每一个时期都会伴随一些与改革初衷相左的事物与现象,是改革所付出的成本代价.在当前的社会转型期,弱势群众的出现,便是改革过程中衍生的社会矛盾现象.问题的关键在于,必须积极、适时地采取公平有效的社会保障措施解决这些问题,以推动改革的进一步健康、顺利发展.     

青少年犯罪的原因、特点及其预防对策

论述了青少年犯罪问题的严重性、特点,分析了其原因,提出了预防对策.     

弱筋小麦皖麦47的特征特性及栽培技术

皖麦47是六安市农科所选育的弱筋小麦新品种,该品种产量高,品质好,适于江淮地区种植,播期10月20日～11月5 日,基本苗15～18万/667m2,施N量12～14kg/667m2,基肥比例70%.     

杂交水稻和杂交小麦的选育（1960—2000年）——面向国民经济主战场的新中国农业科技

文章回顾中国开展水稻和小麦的杂交育种工程,揭示农业科研必须面向经济建设主战场的神圣使命。中国农业科研体制发挥了集中力量办大事的制度优势,坚持顶层设计和规划引领,坚持与时俱进、不断创新,促使农业科技进步在保障国家粮食安全、提高人民生活水平方面作出巨大贡献。70年来,中国培育了一大批稻、麦新品种,实现了作物矮秆化、杂交化、优质化的3次跨越,完成了6次新品种更新换代。此外,在稻、麦高产栽培方面取得了重大的创新性技术成果,推动了中国粮食生产的跨越式进步。     

旅游虚拟社区成员的参加动机对其契合行为的影响——以户外旅行俱乐部为例

虚拟社区已成为当代旅游者的重要活动空间,他们在社区中展开发布信息、组织活动、寻求帮助、分享生活等非交易行为（即契合行为）,厘清旅游虚拟社区的参加动机及其与契合行为间的关系对于旅游虚拟社区的经营与发展具有重要意义。本文采用定量研究方法,对呼和浩特户外旅游虚拟社区进行了问卷调查,尝试明晰人们参加旅游虚拟社区的主要心理动因,并探索户外旅游虚拟社区中参加动机对于成员契合行为的影响。研究结果表明：旅游虚拟社区参加动机可划分为4种：自我成就、社交、学习和实际好处;虚拟社区参加动机对于契合行为具有显著影响,但仅对态度契合具有直接影响;群体认同是虚拟社区参加动机对契合行为产生影响的重要路径;契合行为的完全实现,必须要以达成态度契合为前提;旅游虚拟社区成员“参加动机-群体认同-态度契合-行为契合”的关系链条得以明晰,探索出从参加动机到契合行为的一般性普适路径。本文丰富了旅游虚拟社区契合行为研究,对旅游虚拟社区的经营管理者具有一定的借鉴和参考价值。     

基于复合指纹识别技术的西藏错那湖东岸风沙来源的定量化分析

本文通过对西藏错那湖地区基岩、第四纪沉积和风沙堆积的填图和采样,测量其化学元素成分,应用复合指纹识别技术定量化查明风沙沉积的物源组合及其贡献百分比,从而为错那湖地区更科学地进行沙漠化防治提供数据支撑和实践指导。分析结果表明：①使用复合指纹识别技术定量查明了错那湖东侧巴索曲、龙庆南沟和桑曲3个风沙分布区的物质来源,风沙主要来源于湖的东岸和北岸;②错那湖地区风沙的物质来源差异很大,以东岸贡献为主,对3个风沙区的贡献率分别为82.3%、60.4%和10.1%,呈现出自南向北逐渐减小的趋势;③结合青藏铁路分布可知,东岸物源对铁路的威胁最大,北岸物源仅对铁路以东到山坡的狭长区域有一些影响。夏季高温多雨期,巴索曲、龙庆南沟和桑曲3条河流将中上游的冻融、风化形成的细颗粒物质通过流水作用源源不断地输送到湖滨区域,来年冬春季干燥大风期时,这些暴露的细颗粒物质被大风输送到东侧形成风沙区,基于这一作用机理的认识,认为本地区风沙对铁路的威胁是持续的、长期存在的。因此,在铁路西侧防沙措施的基础上,还应加强铁路东侧的风沙的治理,并在铁路和山坡之间的狭长地带也设置一些防沙设施。     

Increased foot-stretcher height improves rowing performance: evidence from biomechanical perspectives on water

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate whether changes on foot-stretcher height were associated with characteristics of better rowing performance. Ten male rowers performed a 200 m rowing trial at their racing rate at each of three foot-stretcher heights. A single scull was equipped with an accelerometer to collect boat acceleration, an impeller with embedded magnets to collect boat speed, specially designed gate sensors to collect gate force and angle, and a compact string potentiometer to collect leg drive length. All sensor signals were sampled at 50 Hz. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that raising foot-stretcher position had a significant reduction on total gate angle and leg drive length. However, a raised foot-stretcher position had a deeper negative peak of boat acceleration at the catch, a lower boat fluctuation, a faster leg drive speed, a larger gate force for the port and starboard side separately. This could be attributed to the optimisation of the magnitude and direction of the foot force with a raised foot-stretcher position. Although there was a significant negative influence of a raised foot-stretcher position on two kinematic variables, biomechanical evidence suggested that a raised foot-stretcher position could contribute to the improvement of rowing performance.     

旋转推铅球技术普及情况

铅球运动是一项有着几百年历程的古老的运动项目,伴随着铅球技术的快速发展,使得铅球这项运动的魅力逐渐呈现出来,作为一项关键性的铅球运动技术手段,旋转推铅球基础成为现阶段被广泛应用的一种铅球训练手段,在国内外的普及状况良好。本文就分析旋转推铅球技术在国外及国内的普及情况,并找出这种普及差异存在的成因。     

Structural Analysis for Replicating Japanese Cultural Property Braids

ABSTRACT

Historic Japanese textiles from over 1000 years ago generally show marked deterioration and only very rare examples show their original forms and much information about textile reproduction has been lost. The replication of textile braids lacks systematic methodology and is still being practiced by only few individual braiding experts. The recreation of original braids as close as possible to original braids is a part of Japan’s intangible cultural heritage. The aim of this study is to clarify the decision-making procedure through which the braiding experts can decipher the original braiding structures. As a preliminary study of this project, interviews of a braid researcher and a replicating expert, Makiko Tada were performed regarding her working practices. It is important to clarify the braiding parameters for structural analysis such as the number of transits and the balance of ridges, and it became clear that the orientation of multiple colored threads plays an important role. The expert’s replicate works were also analyzed using a text-mining statistical technique to clarify the relationship of braiding parameters. The relationship between each braiding parameter and production method such as loop manipulation and Taka-dai became clear. As a result, the process of deciphering the original braid structure has been compiled in simplified workflows, which could contribute to the standardization and improvement in efficiency of replication of cultural property braids.     

An NCME Instructional Module on Polytomous Item Response Theory Models

A polytomous item is one for which the responses are scored according to three or more categories. Given the increasing use of polytomous items in assessment practices, item response theory (IRT) models specialized for polytomous items are becoming increasingly common. The purpose of this ITEMS module is to provide an accessible overview of polytomous IRT models. The module presents commonly encountered polytomous IRT models, describes their properties, and contrasts their defining principles and assumptions. After completing this module, the reader should have a sound understating of what a polytomous IRT model is, the manner in which the equations of the models are generated from the model's underlying step functions, how widely used polytomous IRT models differ with respect to their definitional properties, and how to interpret the parameters of polytomous IRT models.