Use of the one-minute preceptor as a teaching tool in the gross anatomy laboratory

The one-minute preceptor (OMP) is a time-efficient technique used for teaching in busy clinical settings. It consists of five microskills: (1) get a commitment from the student, (2) probe for supporting evidence, (3) reinforce what was done right, (4) correct errors and fill in omissions, and (5) teach a general rule. It can also be used to address structure-identification questions in gross anatomy laboratory small-group settings. The OMP is an active learner-centered teaching approach that prepares students for a style of learning that they need to master in clinical settings, provides novice anatomy teachers with an efficient and effective teaching strategy, and moves anatomy learning beyond mere name tagging to active knowledge construction.     

Team-based learning in anatomy: an efficient, effective, and economical strategy

Team-based learning (TBL) strategy is being adopted in medical education to implement interactive small group learning. We have modified classical TBL to fit our curricular needs and approach. Anatomy lectures were replaced with TBL that required preparation of assigned content specific discussion topics (in the text referred as "discussion topics"), an individual self-assessment quiz (IRAT), analysis of the discussion topics, and then the team retaking the same quiz (GRAT) for discussion and deeper learning. Embryology and clinical correlations were given as lectures. Unit examinations consisted of graded IRAT and GRAT. The National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Subject Examination was the comprehensive final examination. To evaluate the effect of TBL on student performance we compared the departmental and NBME subject examination scores between the traditional and TBL curricula. We collected five years of data on student performance in TBL-based anatomy and lecture-based preclinical courses. Our results show that departmental and NBME subject examination scores for TBL-based anatomy were higher than those for lecture-based anatomy. We subsequently compared average NBME scores for anatomy with those in other preclinical courses that were lecture-based. Average NBME anatomy scores were significantly higher than those for all the lecture-based preclinical courses. Since the introduction of TBL in anatomy, student performance has progressively improved in the NBME subject examination. Students perceived TBL as a motivator to be a responsible team member and to contribute to collective learning by the team. Further, it reinforced self-directed learning and fostered an appreciation for peer respect. Interestingly, these perceptions were uniform irrespective of student course performance.     

The virtual anatomy laboratory: usability testing to improve an online learning resource for anatomy education

An increasing number of instructors are seeking to provide students with online anatomy resources. Many researchers have attempted to identify associations between resource use and student learning but few studies discuss the importance of usability testing in resource design and modification. Usability testing provides information about ease of use and resource flexibility and indicates navigational issues that contribute to extraneous cognitive load for the user. An example of usability testing for modification of an online anatomy resource called the "Virtual Lab" is presented. Usability testing was used to determine whether increased content would impair navigation through the interface. Subjects with varying levels of experience with anatomy content were recruited to assess efficiency and effectiveness (defined by usability standards) of the original resource and of the redesigned resource. Comparisons between usability evaluation of the original "Virtual Lab" (OVL) and of the redesigned "Virtual Lab" (RVL) revealed that subjects were better able to successfully complete tasks using the RVL than they were with the OVL. Results also demonstrated that subjects did not take significantly more time to successfully complete tasks with the RVL. Additionally, usability testing revealed that subjects were able to successfully complete tasks using the RVL regardless of whether they possessed prior experience with anatomy content or not. Results of this study suggest that the modified resource is more effective for users. The example presented here underscores the need for usability testing prior to resource implementation and whenever significant changes are made to a resource interface.     

非奥运项目群众化与竞技化路径选择

摘要：非奥运项目作为“项目群”,各单项发展路径很难一以贯之,其未来发展必将在群众化和竞技化中有所倾斜。主要采用描述性统计、主成分和聚类分析,以非奥运项目专家分析得出的17个项目特征属性词汇,对国家体育总局官网所列非奥运项目协会中包含的37个非奥运单项进行评定。结果显示,趣味性、娱乐性和消遣性是非奥运项目的共性,且三性特征较为强烈。同时得出以下结论：定向运动、掷球、飞镖、门球、登山、健身气功、毽球、轮滑、钓鱼、风筝、桥牌、象棋适宜走“群众化”发展路径;极限运动、摩托艇、摩托运动、汽车运动、滑水运动、体育舞蹈、软式网球、国际象棋、围棋、航海模型、车辆模型适宜走“竞技化”发展路径;航空运动、龙舟、武术、壁球、保龄球、潜水、电子竞技、台球、无线电、信鸽、舞龙舞狮、健美操、健美、拔河适宜走“竞群结合”发展路径;其中航空运动、龙舟、武术、壁球、保龄球、潜水走“主竞副群”的发展路径;而舞龙舞狮、健美操、健美、拔河走“主群副竞”的发展路径。     

低温等离子体联合光催化减少船舶柴油机模拟烟气中NOx排放的实验

为减少船舶柴油机模拟烟气中NO_x的排放,将低温等离子体技术与光催化技术联合。通过实验研究2种技术单独及联合使用时影响NO_x排放的因素和反应机理。结果表明:采用低温等离子体技术时NO的脱除率随放电电压的增大而提高,随气体流速、NO初始体积分数和O_2体积分数的增大而降低,该技术对高体积分数NO的脱除更有优势;采用光催化技术时NO的脱除率随紫外灯功率和O_2体积分数的增大而提高,随气体流速和NO初始体积分数的增大而降低,该技术更适合处理低体积分数、低流速气体。在流速1 L/min、O_2体积分数4%、放电电压14 kV、紫外灯功率15 W的工况下,采用联合处理技术时NO的脱除率达65%~75%,脱除效果优于单独使用低温等离子体技术和光催化技术的效果。     

CBA、NBA竞争实力均衡与现场观众关系的经验研究

以CBA和NBA为案例,采集横截面、时间序列、面板3个层面的经验数据,基于HHI方法度量职业体育竞争实力均衡,依托计量经济学分析方法,验证联盟制度安排准则与现场观众参与之间的关联关系.研究结果显示,俱乐部所在城市规模、城市居民的收入水平与观众人数呈现显著的正向关联关系,从经验视角验证职业体育联盟在设定俱乐部准入制度时为何总是青睐大型城市的缘由;俱乐部获胜百分比的估计系数为正,与观众人数呈现显著的正向关联,HHI的估计系数为负,与观众人数呈现显著的负向关联关系,均验证比赛结果不确定性是吸引观众持续关注比赛的基本假设.尽管CBA和NBA的经验结果呈现一定的差异,但在验证基本假设方面呈现一致性.因此,以竞争实力均衡为CBA制度设计准则,是CBA吸引观众关注、健康良性运营的关键.     

基于EXCEL指纹考勤系统数据处理的实现

利用人体特征指纹进行身份识别的技术日益成熟,应用越来越广泛。教师和行政管理人员是高校组织中的两个重要群体,分析高校教师与行政人员之间的职业差异,有利于提出科学的应对政策,创造和谐的高校工作环境,提高高校管理的效能。文章设计并实现了基于指纹识别技术的考勤系统。     

四川省城市化进程中容许耕地非农转化量研究

城市化对耕地需求的增加与耕地稀缺性的矛盾是土地利用规划急需解决的重要问题,科学合理地确定城市化进程中容许耕地非农转化的数量具有重要的意义.以四川省为例,运用SPSS软件的回归分析法论证了城市化与耕地非农化之间具有显著的相关性,说明了城市化是耕地非农化的重要因素.并进一步建立了四川省城市化进程中容许耕地非农转化量模型,计算结果表明,到2030年四川省最多容许耕地非农转化的数量为93.05×10^4hm^2,超过这一阈值将威胁到四川省粮食安全和经济社会的可持续发展,从而为四川省制定合理的土地利用规划提供了参考依据.     

大学生英语演讲中的非言语交际模态

对非言语交际模态进行概述,运用多模态分析软件ELAN4.4.0对两位英语演讲比赛选手即兴演讲语料进行分析,认为演讲过程中的非言语交际模态,配合言语行为进行交际,不仅可以加强语言交际力度,还可以弥补语言交际不足。对教师开展大学英语演讲教学及学生演讲的有效发挥具有启示意义。     

Research on Promote the Attendance of Senior Students in English Class

In traditional English class of China, the relationship between teacher and students is one-way communication. As a result, positive attendance in senior English class is not common. It is important to develop students' automatic learning and cooperation learning abilities. However, the particularities of senior students in psychology and the background of college entrance examination block the way of traditional teaching reform. From these aspects, this thesis comes up with corresponding advices to promote the attendance of senior English class.