关于地方高校学费收入是否应纳入国库集中收付范畴的探讨

在社会组织部门的划分中，高等学校应属于社会领域的第三部门。高等教育是高等学校向社会公众提供的教育服务活动，是可以由接受入进行自由选择的市场行为，不是政府的行政行为；根据高等教育成本补偿理论，高校的学费收入是对接受教育服务正常支付成本的补偿，不属于政府的财政收入，也不同于其它事业单位的预算外资金，属于非财政性资金性质。因此，笔认为：高等学校的财务预算，是作为一级法入的高等学校实施内部控制的手段，已经不完全是政府公共财政预算的范畴；在现实条件下，将高等学校财务预算汇总进入政府财政预算的做法和把高等学校学费收入纳入财政统管或进行国库集中支付，不仅不利于高等教育的发展，也不利于政府管理角色与管理职能的转换。     

The Folk High School: A Contemporary Educational Pathway for Swedish Parliamentarians?

The aim of this study is to explore the contemporary role of the folk high school as an educational pathway for Swedish MPs. Statistics from the folk high school register at Statistics Sweden are analysed. In summary, there are still quite a large number of former folk high school participants in the Swedish parliament (27%, 2014). The MPs’ folk high school participation mainly took the form of short courses. Over time, the folk high schools have increasingly come to be used by members of parties on the left of the political spectrum. The folk high schools are commonly used as meeting places during the MPs’ political career, and thus not only as an educational pathway to power, as emphasised in earlier research.     

高校闲暇教育现状剖析与措施建构

高校闲暇教育在现代高等教育中占有重要的一席，这不仅是社会发展的需要，也是大学生发展的需要。本文通过分析当今大学生闲暇生活存在的问题．从而对高校闲暇教育现状的原因进行剖析，并对高校闲暇教育的措施进行建构，以期能深化高等教育中闲暇教育的研究。     

中国民间文艺学史上的流派问题(下)

在回顾和梳理20世纪中国民间文艺学史时，遇到的第一个问题是：是否存在着流派，存在着或存在过什么样的流派。笔者认为，1949年前的20世纪前期民间文艺学史上，不仅存在着流派，而且存在着不同的流派，在理论、观念、方法上，形成多元格局。这些流派是：北大歌谣研究会派、“古史辨”派神话学、文学人类学派、俗文学派、社会一民族学派、延安学派和民俗学派。它们以一定的社会文化环境为依存和发展的条件，分别有自己的代表人物、理论纲领和代表作。流派的存在和多元格局既促进了中国民间文艺学的本土化发展，又显示了中国民间文艺学的边缘性、跨学科性和不成熟性。     

Noise Levels in Hong Kong Primary Schools: Implications for classroom listening

Many researchers have stressed that the acoustic environment is crucial to the speech perception, academic performance, attention, and participation of students in classrooms. Classrooms in highly urbanised locations are especially vulnerable to noise, a major influence on the acoustic environment. The purpose of this investigation was to determine noise levels in one such urban environment, Hong Kong. The ambient noise level, and its relationship to the speech intensity levels of both teachers and students was surveyed in 47 primary school classrooms. Moreover, the presence of acoustical treatments for noise reduction and the use of classroom amplification systems were documented for each classroom. The survey found that the mean occupied noise level was 60.74 dB (A); the mean unamplified and amplified speech‐to‐noise ratios of teachers were 13.53 dB and 18.45 dB, respectively; while the mean unamplified speech‐to‐noise ratio for students was 4.13 dB. Most of the classrooms exhibited insufficient acoustical treatments to provide significant noise reduction. The listening environment in many Hong Kong primary schools was not favourable for optimal classroom learning. Recommendations for improving the acoustical environment in classrooms in highly urbanised locations such as Hong Kong are discussed.     

新升格本科院校旅游管理专业教学实习改革研究

旅游管理专业要提高学生的实践能力,就必须加强学生的教学实习。本文在分析新升格本科院校旅游管理专业教学实习现状的基础上,对其教学实习的目标、要求、原则等问题进行了科学的定位,认为新升格本科院校旅游管理专业应该从加强学生思想和心理素质教育、调整教学计划、优化课程体系、更新教学内容及加强师资队伍建设等方面来实施教学实习改革。     

Choosing schools,choosing selves: exploring the influence of parental identity and biography on the school choice process in Delhi,India

Drawing on qualitative interview data from a group of lower income parents in Delhi, India, this paper focuses on the dynamic relationship between parental choice of a particular school and parents’ own identity construction. The data indicate that choice of school is for some parents a symbolic expression of identity, influenced by family dynamics and parents’ educational biographies. The paper outlines the concept of ‘forging solidarities’ and proposes it as an alternative way of understanding school enrolment decisions that recognises the social significance of such choices for the wider family unit. More generally, as school choice mechanisms in various forms become an increasingly important part of the educational landscape in many countries, the findings draw attention to the sociocultural nature of choice in real-world market settings and the contribution of schooling choices to processes of social and educational segregation.     

"学会生存"和"学会关心":教师专业发展的两种互补状态

从“学会生存”到“学会关心”是终身教育理念的进一步深化，也是社会发展在教育领域的反映。还是教师专业化发展的内在要求。“学会生存”更多的是从教师自我教育、自我提高的角度出发：而“学会关心”则从更深层次对教师教育发展提出的要求。但是，事实上，“学会生存”和“学会关心”已是推动教师教育发展的两种互补状态。     

以德治国与学校德育

“以德治国”重要思想的提出有其特定的背景和深刻的内涵 ,意义重大而深远 ;“以德治国”方略的实施 ,关键是提高广大社会成员的思想道德素质 ,尤其是青少年学生的思想道德素质。加强和改进学校德育 ,以道德教育作为新的切入点和着力点 ,为推进“以德治国”方略的顺利的实施 ,发挥独特的作用。     

The relative impact of school‐wide positive behavior support on teachers’ perceptions of student behavior across schools,teachers, and students

School‐wide positive behavior support (SWPBS) is a systemic approach for implementing a proactive schoolwide discipline and for improving students’ academic and behavioral outcomes by targeting the school’s organizational and social culture. With a multilevel approach, the present study evaluates the relative effectiveness of SWPBS on teachers’ perceptions of the student behavior (N = 3,295) across schools, teachers, and children using a multilevel approach. We assessed teacher perception of student problem behavior five times during a 3‐year implementation of SWPBS in 23 Dutch schools. Multilevel analyses not only revealed a small increase in perceived prosocial behavior and a small decrease in problems with peers, but also different effects across children, teachers, and schools. Effects were stronger for girls and for students with higher severity of perceived problems at baseline. At teachers’ level, higher mean baseline severity of perceived problems was associated with the reduced impact of SWPBS on perceived emotional problems and problems with peers. At the school level, effects were stronger for regular schools as compared with special needs schools.