Application of network meta-analysis in the field of physical activity and health promotion

Continued advancement in the field of physical activity and health promotion relies heavily on the synthesis of rigorous scientific evidence. As such, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have led to a better understanding of which intervention strategies are superior (i.e., produce the greatest effects) in physical activity-based health behavior change interventions. Indeed, standard meta-analytic approaches have allowed researchers in the field to synthesize relevant experimental evidence using pairwise procedures that produce reliable estimates of the homogeneity, magnitude, and potential biases in the observed effects. However, pairwise meta-analytic procedures are only capable to discerning differences in effects between a select intervention strategy and a select comparison or control condition. In order to maximize the impact of physical activity interventions on health-related outcomes, it is necessary to establish evidence concerning the comparative efficacy of all relevant physical activity intervention strategies. The development of network meta-analysis (NMA)—most commonly used in medical-based clinical trials—has allowed for the quantification of indirect comparisons, even in the absence of direct, head-to-head trials. Thus, it stands to reason that NMA can be applied in physical activity and health promotion research to identify the best intervention strategies. Given that this analysis technique is novel and largely unexplored in the field of physical activity and health promotion, care must be taken in its application to ensure reliable estimates and discernment of the effect sizes among interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to comment on the potential application and importance of NMA in the field of physical activity and health promotion, describe how to properly and effectively apply this technique, and suggest important considerations for its appropriate application in this field. In this paper, overviews of the foundations of NMA and commonly used approaches for conducting NMA are provided, followed by assumptions related to NMA, opportunities and challenges in NMA, and a step-by-step example of developing and conducting an NMA.     

基于DE-SVM的船舶航迹预测模型

为提高船舶航迹预测精度,解决准确建模难度大和神经网络易陷入局部最优的问题,考虑实时获取目标船AIS数据较少的特点,提出一种基于支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)的航迹预测模型。选择AIS数据中的航速、航向和船舶经纬度作为样本特征变量;采用小波阈值去噪的方法处理训练数据;采用差分进化(differential evolution,DE)算法对模型内部参数寻优以提高模型收敛速度和预测精度。选取天津港实船某段航迹的AIS数据,比较基于DE-SVM与基于BP神经网络的航迹预测模型的仿真结果。结果表明,基于DE-SVM的航迹预测模型具有更高的预测精度,简单、可行、高效,且耗时少。     

经济型数控车床的对刀方法和技巧

通过对R2J50L系统经济型数控车床基本对刀方法的分析与研究,总结出了更换刀具及刀具磨损时的快速对刀方法,提高了加工效率。     

基于贝叶斯网络的验证激励向量生成研究

为了解决传统数字芯片验证环节中基于仿真的验证（或动态验证）功能覆盖率收敛速度慢的缺点,提出一种新的以功能覆盖为导向的测试用例生成方法,该方法基于贝叶斯网络和机器学习技术,可实现从覆盖模型到测试用例生成器反馈回路的自动关闭,在 DUT 的验证过程中,使用该方法为所测试的设计生成新的激励。实验结果表明,基于贝叶斯网络的 CDG 技术测试用例使用较少,覆盖率收敛更快,与传统基于仿真的验证技术相比,测试用例数量减少了 43%。基于贝叶斯网络的 比于传统动态验证技术而言其芯片功能验证更完善。     

数控机床人性化设计的研究

数控机床的人性化设计就是在人机工程的原则指导下,探讨和应用人的行为、能力、本能极限和其他的特性来对数控机床进行设计,创造一种良好的人机互动关系,体现数控机床对人性需求的关注。文章从人机工程的角度对数控机床人性化设计的内涵进行相应的分析,得到数控机床人性化设计的研究思路。     

多功能电子防丢器的设计与实现

随着现代生活节奏的加快,人们遗失东西的现象经常发生,防遗失产品也就应运而生．文中设计并实现了一款多功能电子防丢器,它由母机和子机两部分组成,子机置于防丢物品上,母机由主人随身携带,具有防丢和寻找功能．子机留有的外接插孔可与其他传感器设备相连,构成相应的防盗报警系统．电路主要采用集成芯片制作,所以具有电路简单,工作性能稳定,功耗及成本低等优点．     

Fault diagnosis model based on fuzzy support vector machine combined with weighted fuzzy clustering

A fault diagnosis model is proposed based on fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM) combined with fuzzy clustering (FC).Considering the relationship between the sample point and non-self class,FC algorithm is applied to generate fuzzy memberships.In the algorithm,sample weights based on a distribution density function of data point and genetic algorithm (GA) are introduced to enhance the performance of FC.Then a multi-class FSVM with radial basis function kernel is established according to directed acyclic graph algorithm,the penalty factor and kernel parameter of which are optimized by GA.Finally,the model is executed for multi-class fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings.The results show that the presented model achieves high performances both in identifying fault types and fault degrees.The performance comparisons of the presented model with SVM and distance-based FSVM for noisy case demonstrate the capacity of dealing with noise and generalization.     

刀具路径规划在数控铣削加工中的应用

比较了不同的切削模式和参数对数控铣削加工的影响.利用UG NX模拟了某型飞机加强角材冲压凹模的数控铣削加工过程,对生成的刀具轨迹路径进行了比较分析,得到了优化路径.     

实用主义体育与体育教学内容的实用性分析

摘要：实用主义体育是沐浴着美国实用主义哲学与实用主义教育学的基本思想,承继并改造欧洲自然主义体育的基本理念和内容发展而来。20世纪初传入我国后,促使我国的学校体育教学内容发生了一系列变化,这些变化在某种程度上,促进了我国学校体育的完善和发展,但同时也造成体育学科的严谨性、科学性和适用性受到损害。这种现象在当今的体育基础教育改革中亦时有隐现,致使我国的基础体育教育受到了一定的影响。为了准确、清晰地研究和把握实用主义体育的精神实质,对体育教育领域的价值和存在的问题,本研究以体育教学内容的选择为着眼点,采用文献资料法,深入分析了自然主义体育与实用主义体育的基本差异,实用主义体育教学内容的理论基础、源流和发展。在充分认识体育教学内容“实用性”基本含义的基础上,研究结论认为,追求体育教学内容“实用性”,首先强调以“体育教学内容”这一核心要素为本,尊重学生作为实用性的基本指向;其次,强调应认识并厘清体育的本体价值和工具价值,在此基础上,努力对体育教学内容本体价值追求的回归,实现对体育教学内容工具价值的理性“扬弃”。     

简易网球自动发球机的研制与应用

针对网球训练的技术要求,研制了简易网球自动发球机,并对其基本结构、发球的频率、角度、力量等工作原理及性能特点进行了合理的分析。实验证明简易网球自动发球机对丰富教学手段,提高教学质量具有很好的实用价值和指导意义.