HMB与运动能力

HMB（β-羟基-β丁酸甲酯）是亮氨酸代谢的中间产物，能促进蛋白质合成和减少其分解，使机体力量增加，加快脂肪消耗，延缓肌肉疲劳，有助于提高耐力，是一种增加力量，增大肌肉体积，减少体脂的新型营养补剂。现从HMB的来源、作用和与运动训练的关系几方面作一论述，为HMB的合理使用提供参考。     

基于主成分分析法对乳制品营养成分分析

乳制品与人们的日常生活息息相关,乳制品的价格各不相同,不同的价格背后所反映出的是营养成分的不同,为了探讨营养成分对乳制品价格的影响,本文在对乳制品进行调查统计的基础上运用主成分分析对乳制品的特征进行提取,实现了主成分分析用于乳制品营养成分定量分析的建模方法.结果表明:乳制品的营养成分特征性指标主要为蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、钠、钙、能量组成;能量和钙则是这些营养成分里面对价格的影响较大的因子.此结论基本上是合理的,对于消费者选购合适的乳制品具有一定的指导作用,可以帮助消费者更为理想地消费乳制品.     

营养成分对球孢白僵菌生长的影响

文章以查氏培养基为基本培养基,研究了不同碳源、氮源和不同微量元素对球孢白僵菌MZ050724菌株菌落生长和产孢量的影响.结果表明:8种碳源中单糖对该菌的生长有利,葡萄糖有利于菌落扩展和产孢量增加,菌落平均直径最大为5.069cm,产孢量最大为2.848×109个/mL;8种氮源中有机氮源比无机氮源对球孢白僵菌生长更好,其中酵母浸粉的菌落平均直径最大为7.4434cm,但硝态氮源硝酸钾对产孢量影响最大,为2.468×109个/mL;微量元素中硫酸锌对菌落生长有利,最大为7.718cm,硫酸锰产孢量最大为1.732×109个/mL.     

肉鸡猝死的病因分析与防制措施

1肉鸡猝死综合症的临床诊断1.1临床症状本病多发生于3—5周龄的雏鸡。患病鸡突然发病,平衡失调,两翅猛烈扑打,肌肉强痉挛,尖叫翻滚,呈仰卧姿势,头颈扭曲而亡。从发病到死亡经过不足一分钟。多发于生长快、外表健康、体状良好的鸡只。1.2病理变化对患病死亡后的鸡只剖检,发现冠髯和泄殖粘膜及脾脏充血,全身肌肉苍白,消化道内充满食物,肝脏肿大、质地易碎;肺肿大,弥漫淤血水肿,呈暗红色,气管内有泡沫状渗出物;心脏明显增大2—4倍,心肌松软,心包渗出液增多,静脉怒张。采集病料进行微生物培养阴性。1.3鉴别诊断本病与澳大利亚报道的肉鸡峰型死亡…     

Diabetes diet nutrition optimization based on particle swarm optimization algorithm

Nutrition intervention is the key to prevent and control diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients’ nutrition intervention requires reasonably control of the intakes of the three major nutrients. A diabetes diet nutrition optimization method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed for individual nutritional intervention of diabetes. Firstly, a nutritional optimization mathematical model is established, which meets the demand of diabetic patients’ three major nutrients intake, and then an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to solve the model. To enhance the convergence speed and search ability of the standard particle swarm optimization, the adaptive inertia weight factor and the natural selection mechanism are introduced in PSO. The performance of the proposed method is verified through an experiment, and the attainment rates of three major nutrients in the designed recipes are close to 100? according to the experimental results, which indicates that it can greatly improve the precision of diabetes nutrition recipes     

体育教育考生考前营养知识、态度、行为的调查分析

以辽宁师范大学体育学院2009级体育教育专业学生为研究对象,对其在高考体育加试之前的营养知识、态度、行为进行一次问卷调查,并对调查结果进行分析。结果显示：体育教育考生在考前营养知识的掌握程度仅限于常识,认为考前营养补充对运动成绩有着非常重要的作用,体育教育考生考前的饮食行为比较合理,几乎没有体育教育考生使用营养补品。     

流动儿童和留守儿童的生长发育与营养状况分析

目的：了解流动和留守儿童的生长发育和营养状况及二者之间的关系,为促进儿童的健康提供依据和政策参考。方法：采用分层整群抽样和方便抽样方法,使用测量法和问卷法测查3—9年级5174名在校学生的身高、体重及食物摄取状况。结果：（1）流动儿童发育状况相对较好,留守儿童发育迟缓率较高。（2）男生的超重率高于女生,流动儿童的消瘦率和超重率均较高。（3）在经济状况相当时,不同类型儿童的食物摄取状况总分仍然存在差异。（4）调查中的6种食物每周摄入4—7次的儿童发育迟缓率最低,每周摄入1—3次的儿童超重率相对较低。结论：留守儿童的发育不良问题较严重,流动儿童的营养过剩问题开始显现。营养摄入与儿童的发育关系密切,有必要帮助儿童形成健康的膳食结构,促进其良好发展。     

Changes in energy availability across the season in Division I female soccer players

Abstract

Low energy availability [(energy intake – exercise expenditure)/kg lean body mass], a component of the Female Athlete Triad, has been associated with menstrual disturbances and low bone mass. No studies have examined the energy availability of athletes across a season. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of, and what contributes to, low energy availability in Division I female soccer players across a season. Nineteen participants aged 18–21 years (mean [Vdot]O_2max: 57.0 ± 1.0 mL · kg^?1 · min^?1) were studied during the pre, mid, and post season. Mean energy availability was overall lowest at mid season, and lower at mid than post season (35.2 ± 3.7 vs. 44.5 ± 3.7 kcal · kg^?1 lean body mass, P = 0.009). Low energy availability (<30 kcal · kg^?1 lean body mass) was observed in 5/19 (26.3%), 5/15 (33.3%), and 2/17 (11.8%) of participants during the pre, mid, and post season. Dietary energy intake was lower mid (P = 0.008) and post season (P = 0.022) than it was pre season (pre: 2794 ± 233 kcal · day^?1; mid: 2208 ± 156 kcal · day^?1; post: 2161 ± 143 kcal · day^?1). Exercise energy expenditure decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.001) over time (pre: 819 ± 57 kcal · day^?1; mid: 642 ± 26 kcal · day^?1; post: 159 ± 28 kcal · day^?1). Low energy availability was due to lower dietary energy intake at lunch during pre season (P = 0.014) and during lunch and dinner during mid season (P ≤ 0.030). Energy availability was inversely related to body dissatisfaction (r = ?0.62, P = 0.017) and drive for thinness (r = ?0.55, P = 0.041) during mid season. Although most Division I female soccer players are not at risk for low energy availability, a concerning proportion exhibited low energy availability at pre or mid season. Further studies are needed to explore strategies to prevent and monitor low energy availability in these athletes.     

吉林女子马拉松队运动员营养补充方案和监测指标变化的研究

在2006年北京国际马拉松赛前通过2个月的连续跟踪,监测吉林女子马拉松队运动员训练过程中多项生理和生化指标的变化,调整和确定训练计划和营养补充方案,进一步探讨营养生化监控和科学训练的关系。