一所运动技术学院体操运动员营养状况的调查与评价

为了调整一所运动技术学院体操运动员的膳食结构,以增强他(她)的体能,进行了一次营养调查。调查结果显示,他们摄入动物性食物太多,而植物性食物,尤其蔬菜和水果太少。摄入脂肪过多,但糖类过少。膳食Ca、Fe和Zn摄入过少或不足。VA、VB1、VB2和Vc摄入不够,且尿生化检查表明Vc缺乏。暗适应测定显示有VA缺乏。10-15岁组男性中有67％,女性18％,而16-22岁女性组中有20％的HB低于参考值。所有这些结果都表明,运动员的膳食结构不合理,需调整。     

短距离跑项群训练生化机理和营养补充的研究

采用文献资料研究方法，运用运动生物化学基本理论知识，对短距离跑项群中生化机理和特点进行了探讨分析．通过研究短跑运动中运动员生理生化供能方式，为短跑运动技术的分析、科学训练方法与手段的筛选和运动疲劳的恢复及营养补充提供理论依据．     

Energetic demand and physical conditioning of table tennis players. A study review

Table tennis is a racket sport characterised by an intermittent movement profile, including short rallies interspersed with short breaks. In contrast to other racket sports, information is lacking regarding the: (i) physiological responses during table tennis matches and training; and (ii) practical recommendations for enhancing aerobic and anaerobic performance in table tennis by improving cardio-metabolic and neuro-muscular fitness, anthropometry and nutritional strategies. Therefore, this review article attempts to narratively provide an overview of the physiology of table tennis by describing the metabolic mechanisms underlying match play and outlining a framework for practical recommendations for improving cardio-metabolic and neuro-muscular fitness, anthropometry as well as nutritional strategies. A second aim was to stimulate future research on table tennis and to point out study limitations in this context. In general, the most important finding is that the rally duration is short at around 3.5s, with a longer rest time of around 8–20s, resulting in an effort-rest ratio ranging from 0.15 to 0.22 in official matches and energetic demands during match relatively low. Future studies should focus on the relationship between energetic demand and table tennis performance with a view to predicting performance in table tennis using physiological parameters.     

金华市澧浦镇中小学生营养知识调查

目的：调查澧浦镇中小学生营养知识,了解中小学生对营养知识的了解、饮食习惯及营养状况,以便更好地对中小学生进行营养健康知识的宣传及营养指导,为促进少年儿童成长提供科学依据。方法：用自行设计的问卷表在专人的指导下进行调查。结果：小学组调查49人,其中营养知识欠缺的28人（57．1％）,饮食无规律的10人（20．4％）;中学组调查了253人,其中营养知识欠缺的87人（34．4％）,饮食无规律的66人（26．1%）。结论：中小学生的营养知识缺乏都较严重．需进一步加强营养健康知识的宣传和教育。     

Nutritional practices associated with low energy availability in Division I female soccer players

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine macronutrient intake, energy density and energy intake distribution that may be associated with low energy availability (EA) in Division I female soccer players. The energy intake, exercise energy expenditure and EA of 19 participants (18–21 years) was assessed during the pre-, mid- and postseasons. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to examine the changes across the season. Chi-square analysis was performed to examine the distribution of participants meeting the American College of Sports Medicine recommendations for carbohydrate and protein consumption. Independent t-tests were used to compare differences between groups. The proportion of athletes who did not meet the American College of Sports Medicine recommendations for carbohydrate intake (6–10 g . kg^–1 BW) was significantly greater in the low (<30 kcal . kg^–1 LBM) than higher (≥30 kcal . kg^–1 LBM) EA group (χ² (1) = 7.5; P = 0.006). Participants with low compared to higher EA consumed a lower energy dense dinner (0.8 ± 0.1 vs. 1.4 ± 0.1 kcal . g^–1; P = 0.004) after a soccer match during midseason. No differences in the percentage (%) of kilocalories from food (84.5 ± 2.0% vs. 84.7 ± 2.6%), sports drinks (7.3 ± 1.4% vs. 6.0 ± 3.2%), other drinks (7.6 ± 1.5 % vs. 6.0 ± 1.5%) or bars/gels/beans (1.7 ± 0.6 vs. 3.0 ± 1.5) were observed in participants with low compared to higher EA (P > 0.05) during the pre- and midseasons. Identifying inadequate carbohydrate intake and the practice of consuming lower energy dense meals may be important in preventing low EA conditions and consequently the Female Athlete Triad.     

运动营养补剂的研究现状与展望

根据各种运动营养补剂的目的不同, 对营养补剂进行归纳和总结, 对近年来的研究进展情况作一综述, 对运动中应用的情况及其与运动能力的关系进行分析, 在此基础上, 预测今后营养补剂的发展前景。     

服装设计专业女大学生饮食行为习惯调查报告

目的：了解服装设计专业女大学生饮食行为习惯和营养状况,为学校开展食品营养教育、指导学生合理膳食提供帮助。方法：选取湖南女大148名服装设计专业女大学生,采用自编饮食情况调查表进行问卷调查。结果：服装设计专业女大学生营养不良率为27.59%,女大学生中存在不良饮食行为习惯、食品营养知识缺乏,膳食搭配不合理等状况。结论：服装设计专业女大学生应加强食品营养教育和膳食指导,以提高本专业女大学生的营养状况。     

中国大学生营养调查的比较研究

本文对我国不同地区,不同民族,不同专业的高等院校在校大学生,进行为时一学年的营养跟踪调查,并将调查结果,进行整理统计,微机运算处理,与国内外相关资料比较分析研究,得出初步结论,提出改进措施。     

广西罗城仫佬族7～15岁学生营养状况调查

为了解广西罗城仫佬族自治县仫佬族学生营养状况,对仫佬族7~15岁学生的营养状况进行统计分析。结果显示,仫佬族女生营养过剩出现的高峰年龄为12岁,比男生提前2岁,营养不良和低体重检出率女生高于男生,并随年龄增加呈逐年增长趋势;初中生营养不良和低体重检出率高于小学生;仫佬族超重和肥胖的检出率明显低于壮族和瑶族学生群体水平。因此,应根据仫佬族学生的营养状况,采取切实可行的干预措施,以促进仫佬族地区学生营养状况的改善。     

白术优良品系营养成分和有效物质含量分析

对白术二倍体及同源四倍体D88品系的田间农艺性状,根茎中的水分、灰分、粗蛋白、粗纤维、总糖、白术内酯Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ及氨基酸的组成和含量进行分析.结果表明白术中至少含有15种氨基酸,其中天冬氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸含量最高,共占总氨基酸含量的71.7%（CK）和63.5%（D88）.优选出的D88品系表现出典型的多倍体性状,根部药材产量和质量均有较大幅度提高.与CK相比,D88品系中白术内酯Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ的含量分别是CK的1.46,1.33和1.71倍,干重是CK的1.8倍,有很好的推广价值.