南瓜的营养保健价值及产品开发

南瓜是一种极具开发潜力和开发价值的天然保健食品,它具有降血糖、降血脂、解毒、保护视力等作用．本文对南瓜的营养价值、保健功能等方面进行了阐述,并介绍了几种南瓜综合开发的方法,使人们更好地了解和利用南瓜.     

The Governor has a sweet tooth – Mouth sensing of nutrients to enhance sports performance

Abstract

The oral–pharyngeal cavity and the gastrointestinal tract are richly endowed with receptors that respond to taste, temperature and to a wide range of specific nutrient and non-nutritive food components. Ingestion of carbohydrate-containing drinks has been shown to enhance endurance exercise performance, and these responses have been attributed to post-absorptive effects. It is increasingly recognised, though, that the response to ingested carbohydrate begins in the mouth via specific carbohydrate receptors and continues in the gut via the release of a range of hormones that influence substrate metabolism. Cold drinks can also enhance performance, especially in conditions of thermal stress, and part of the mechanism underlying this effect may be the response to cold fluids in the mouth. There is also some, albeit not entirely consistent, evidence for effects of caffeine, quinine, menthol and acetic acid on performance or other relevant effects. This review summarises current knowledge of responses to mouth sensing of temperature, carbohydrate and other food components, with the goal of assisting athletes to implement practical strategies that make best use of its effects. It also examines the evidence that oral intake of other nutrients or characteristics associated with food/fluid intake during exercise can enhance performance via communication between the mouth/gut and the brain.     

烹饪工艺和营养专业人才培养方案的探索

随着社会所需人才的不断变化,高职教育为了培养更适合社会需求的人才,培养方案也在不断更新之中.在高职"工学结合"模式下就烹饪工艺和营养专业人才培养方案的调整进行了探讨.     

野生蔬菜野茼蒿营养成分分析及重金属元素风险评估

测定了浙江金华北山地区野生蔬菜野茼蒿(Crassocephalum crepidioides)食用部分的营养成分及不同器官、不同生境中Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr、Pb这8种金属元素含量,计算其地上、地下器官对这些元素的富集系数,并将野茼蒿与该地区其他23种野生蔬菜进行了营养成分含量的对比,对野茼蒿的营养价值和重金属风险进行了综合评估。研究结果表明:(1)野茼蒿食用部分的含水量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、可溶性糖和灰分的鲜重含量分别为91.96%、1.95%、0.57%、2.20%和1.27%,其中粗蛋白含量比白菜、萝卜、黄瓜等经常食用蔬菜要高;(2)基于营养指标,应用PAST软件对43种蔬菜进行系统聚类表明,43种蔬菜大体上分成两类,野茼蒿营养价值与番茄、绿豆芽相近;(3)野茼蒿食用部分Cr、Cd、Pb三种有毒重金属元素含量分别是1.43、0.33、0.39 mg/kg,均已超标,其地上、地下部分Cd的富集系数分别为2.99和1.99;(4)与其他23种野生蔬菜相比,其重金属元素的综合风险指标排列第16位。作为一种有风味和特色的野生蔬菜,从蛋白质、可溶性糖、粗脂肪等指标看,野茼蒿的营养价值并不太高;由于野茼蒿对某些重金属具有一定的富集效应,食用时应注意其可能的风险。     

中华绒螯蟹的营养需求与性早熟研究进展

饵料是中华绒螯解生存的物质基础，性早熟为近年来中华绒螯蟹养殖过程中遇到的一个突出问题，如何配制营养更为丰富的饲料？如何避免性早熟问题的发生？本文对近年来国内外关于这些问题的研究进展做了总结。     

温度对杨梅果实采后营养物质变化和腐烂的影响

杨梅果实在采后贮藏过程中,糖、酸、维生素C等营养成分都是逐渐下降的,其下降速度和程度与温度成正比,低温能较好地保持果实的营养成分和品质.以食用品质尚好为标准,在0～2℃,10～12℃,20～22℃下的贮藏期约分别为9～12d,5～7d和3d.     

运动营养补剂的研究现状与展望

根据各种运动营养补剂的目的不同, 对营养补剂进行归纳和总结, 对近年来的研究进展情况作一综述, 对运动中应用的情况及其与运动能力的关系进行分析, 在此基础上, 预测今后营养补剂的发展前景。     

Food recommendations in domestic education,Belgium 1890–1940

This paper addresses the question of dissemination of nutritional knowledge in textbooks of household schools between 1890 and 1940. It starts by considering the nature of food recommendations in manuals that are used in Belgian household schools, and then deals with the sources that are referred to by those who give food advice, comparing the latter to the state of the art of nutritional knowledge. If, prior to 1925, school manuals referred to working-class households, paid attention to abundant and economical food, recommended meat, hardly cared about breakfast and connected food to health in a general way, the manuals of the late 1920s and 1930s discussed the average consumer, advised limited meat consumption, warned against unbalanced diets that could lead to specific diseases and recommended required amounts of calories and vitamins. Textbook authors rarely referred to their sources – and if they did, international names were hardly mentioned – which raises the question of the value of the information in these textbooks. Yet from the late 1920s onwards, more direct references were made to science and researchers, which may be linked to the strengthening of scientific authority within society.     

The first joint BASES/BASEM Conference

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dietary practices of soccer players of different ages. The diets of the members of four soccer teams (mean ages of 14.0, 15.0, 16.6 and 20.9 years, respectively) were examined. Our results show that the caloric intake per kilogram of body mass was significantly higher among the youngest players when compared with the adult players (P nutritional intake of the soccer players was not optimal, and that this intake was poorer among the adult players than among the adolescents. On the basis of our results, we recommended that nutritional education should be given to soccer players at an early age and should continue throughout adolescence, not only with a view to improving performance but also to promoting more healthy dietary practices in the long term.