烹饪工艺和营养专业人才培养方案的探索

随着社会所需人才的不断变化,高职教育为了培养更适合社会需求的人才,培养方案也在不断更新之中。在高职“工学结合”模式下就烹饪工艺和营养专业人才培养方案的调整进行了探讨。     

Role of essential trace minerals on the absorption of heavy metals with special reference to lead

Heavy metals are important toxicants known to exert adverse effects in humans and animals, given sufficient exposure and accumulation in the body. This has a great concern both at personal and public health risk. Heavy metals are also known to interact with the essential trace minerals at the level of absorption and also during the metabolism. The adverse effects of the absorbed and accumulated heavy metals include neurological, reproductive, renal and hematological systems. Children are more sensitive than adults to the effects of lead. Efforts are made to understand the mechanism of the interactions of heavy metals with essential trace minerals at the level of absorption. With available sensitive and specific methodologies like Anodic Stripping Voltammetry for the evaluation of the levels of toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury etc., better understanding of heavy metal absorption is made possible. Due to the poor nutritional standards, risk of heavy metal exposure is still a major concern in developing countries. Studies carried out by the author have provided evidence towards the understanding of the prevailing mechanisms of metal-metal interaction at the intestinal level. During growth and development the demand for the essential minerals being at higher level, differentiation of various essential metals and heavy metals pose an inherent problem due to certain common properties shared by them. With this approach to the problem of heavy metal toxicity, it is preventable not only with environmental intervention but also by the nutritional management.     

黄伞蛋白质的营养评价

对黄伞子实体蛋白质的营养价值进行了研究。结果表明,黄伞子实体蛋白质含有17种氨基酸,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的40%,其氨基酸比值系数分高达66.53,分别比草菇(Volvariella volvacea)、茶薪菇(Agrocybe aegerita)和毛头鬼伞(Co-prinus comatus)高42.74%、50.89%和36.58%。这些结果说明黄伞蛋白质具有较高的营养价值。     

胚芽米营养成分研究

以来自相同水稻品种的胚芽米、糙米和精米为材料,对其营养成分（如水分、灰分、蛋白质、氨基酸、直链淀粉、微量元素等）进行了测定,同时对三者进行了比较与分析。结果发现,胚芽米的蛋白质、灰分、微量元素及氨基酸含量均显著多于精米,而与糙米相比相差不大。这说明胚芽米具有糙米类似的营养价值。但由于糙米含有较多的糊粉,蒸煮后口感粗糙不适合食用,因此,胚芽米既含有丰富的营养成分,又具有较好的口感,为进一步开发与利用提供了一定的科学依据。     

满怀壮志，南方综艺节目十年风雨一路歌

南方综艺频道悉数十年风雨历程,满怀壮志。大胆改革、不断创新,跨越时空的飞速发展,成功地推出一系列节目,无论是新闻宣传,还是娱乐节目;无论是谈话类栏目;还是真人秀节目;无论是收视份额,还是广告收入——都跃上了一个新台阶。坚持以小博大,以巧制胜,让“有营养的娱乐”带给观众开心感受和品质享受,让一场场大型活动推陈出新,深入人心,创造了一次又一次的辉煌。以综艺的表达形式串接篇章,一首首熟悉的歌曲记录诠释了南方综艺一路前行的风采,也抒发了南方综艺人如歌的情怀!     

柠檬营养成分与综合利用研究进展

柠檬被誉为最佳保健水果,具有抗氧化、抗癌、抗肿瘤、抗过敏、抗病毒、消炎、杀菌、降血压和降血脂等生理活性功能．综述了柠檬营养成份研究,加工利用研究和综合加工技术等方面研究进展,为柠檬的研究及开发利用提供参考．     

真菌蛋白营养成分的分析

研究了真菌蛋白的营养成分,结果表明蛋白质52.0%、脂肪11.0%、纤维素23.0%,属于高蛋白、高纤维、低脂肪的食品;矿质元素的含量丰富,其中以P、K、Ca和Fe等元素的含量较高;氨基酸中组氨酸和赖氨酸及维生素的含量也较高,是心血管、动脉硬化和肥胖病人理想的蛋白质食品.     

营养支持对慢阻肺患者血气和肺功能的影响

目的营养支持对慢性阻塞性肺部疾病患者血气和肺功能的影响。方法选择43例患者使用抗感染、平喘、化痰等常规治疗,并与43例进行有效营养支持的患者比较,治疗后1月血气分析以及肺功能的变化情况。结果治疗后观察组PO2和PCO2均达到正常范围,且PO2高于对照组（P〈0.05）,PCO2低于对照组（P〈0.05）,治疗后观察组患者FVC显著较对照组提高（P〈0.05）,且FEV1/FVC随之升高（P〈0.05）,同时FEV1%显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论营养不良对于慢性阻塞性肺部疾病患者是一种疾病恶化的因素,进行有效的营养支持能改善患者血气分析结果,提高患者肺功能,值得临床重视。     

Contamination of dietary supplements and positive drug tests in sport

The use of dietary supplements is widespread in sport and most athletes competing at the highest level of competition use some form of dietary supplementation. Many of these supplements confer no performance or health benefit, and some may actually be detrimental to both performance and health when taken in high doses for prolonged periods. Some supplements contain excessive doses of potentially toxic ingredients, while others do not contain significant amounts of the ingredients listed on the label. There is also now evidence that some of the apparently legitimate dietary supplements on sale contain ingredients that are not declared on the label but that are prohibited by the doping regulations of the International Olympic Committee and of the World Anti-Doping Agency. Contaminants that have been identified include a variety of anabolic androgenic steroids (including testosterone and nandrolone as well as the pro-hormones of these compounds), ephedrine and caffeine. This contamination may in most cases be the result of poor manufacturing practice, but there is some evidence of deliberate adulteration of products. The principle of strict liability that applies in sport means that innocent ingestion of prohibited substances is not an acceptable excuse, and athletes testing positive are liable to penalties. Although it is undoubtedly the case that some athletes are guilty of deliberate cheating, some positive tests are likely to be the result of inadvertent ingestion of prohibited substances present in otherwise innocuous dietary supplements.     

Sports nutritionists’ perspectives on enablers and barriers to nutritional adherence in high performance sport: A qualitative analysis informed by the COM-B model and theoretical domains framework

ABSTRACT

Athlete adherence to nutritional guidance is critical for optimal health and performance, yet little is known about the barriers and enablers to athletes’ dietary behaviours within high-performance sport. To advance understanding, we applied a theoretical lens derived from the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour (COM-B) model and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to explore the qualitative accounts of sports nutritionists. Five focus groups comprising sports nutritionists working in Olympic and Paralympic sport (n = 14), professional sport (n = 6), or both (n = 6) were undertaken. Thematic analysis was conducted and the interpretations of the findings were guided by COM-B and the TDF. To achieve nutritional adherence, the behavioural analysis identified the need to intervene across all three COM-B components and at least five associated TDF domains (e.g., decision-making processes, reinforcement, social influences, behavioural regulation and environmental context and resource). For the first time, the findings illustrate the complex interplay of the training setting with the capabilities, opportunities, and motivation of the practitioners, athletes and coaches. By applying established behavioural science theories to sports nutrition, the foundations for the development of targeted and multifaceted behavioural interventions addressing athlete dietary adherence in high-performance sport have been laid.