图书馆如何构筑自己的搜索引擎

主要由计算机和网络工作者设计开发的搜索引擎，经过一段时间的运行和实践，其弊端已越来越明显。专家们呼吁用“图书馆员的思维”来管理网上信息资源，这明网络信息的组织和管理呼唤以知识组织的理论来指导，才能达到高有序化。因此，图书馆应在网络信息时代抓住机遇，构筑自己的搜索引擎。     

提高现代健美操基本技能的教学策略

从素质教育的角度出发,分析研究了健美操教学中提高基本技能的若干问题,较为科学地将健美操教学基本技能划分为三大类、十一项,并提出了掌握和提高这些技能的三种教学策略。     

“最佳二传竞技水平”的概念模型开发及测评方法

为了克服“二传竞技水平”测评指标的选用及量化难度大的困难;为了提供一套科学、客观、实用的多指标测评体系,以“三论归一学说”为理论指导,把二传的本质是“变换器”作为测评体系的开端,以开发“最佳二传竞技水平”的概念为基础,以具有权威性和代表性的文献为依据,建立了“最佳二传竞技水平”的概念模型,并结合测评原则推演出模型指标体系。指标体系经理论论证、专家验证、实践检验后证明：满足测量学的“三性”要求,不仅能为参赛二传手的二传竞技水平排序,而且其量化分析报告能为二传训练提供指导性的反馈信息。     

科学过程技能的性别差异

本研究运用表现性评价方式评价科学过程技能,结果发现男女学生的总体科学过程技能不存在差异,但除找出变量之外,其他各过程技能均存在差异。最后,针对这种性别差异讨论了相应的教学和评价建议。     

Computer science and engineering: utilizing action research and lesson study

ABSTRACT

This article explores one group’s use of action research (AR) and lesson study in three US university-level computer science courses affecting 85 undergraduate computer science and engineering students. It offers an overview of three areas including AR, lesson study, and engineering soft skills. The research group identified a problem: undergraduate engineering student soft skill understanding. The group collaborated to enhance participant engagement with this problem by utilizing one lesson focused on soft skills over three research lesson iterations in three distinct university semesters (2017-2018). Field notes were the main data collection method. Observational field notes were recorded in the three research lesson iterations, and themes from the notes were identified. The group valued peer interactions, and the research lesson adaptations as well as pedagogical changes were based on evidence. Four themes were identified, and participant comments were considered as the lessons became more focused . The research group argues that AR and lesson study are separate and distinct ventures based on this yearlong experience, which is counter to some other literature presented. Implications are large for all stakeholders interested in AR, lesson study, soft skill utilization, conflict management, and participant learning impact. Possibilities for enhanced participant engagement exists with honed lesson pedagogy.     

中职护理专业护理学基础课程改革实施方案

培养合格护理人才是中职护理专业教育的主要任务,为使毕业生能够具备适应就业岗位的需求能力,必须加强对护生从事护理行业所需的基本知识和专业技能的培养。为解决当前护理学基础课程教学中存在的问题,探索该课程的教学改革,该作者对该课程进行了改革的实践。     

Developing ‘active citizens’: Arts Award,creativity and impact

Creativity has become the new watchword in UK academic and policy circles. Within this context, policy discussions about the arts and their impact emphasise economic benefits over educational value, drawing clear distinctions between quantifiable or ‘hard’ measures of impact and those described as ‘soft’, less tangible and lacking a strong evidence base. Departing from the binary logics often underpinning notions of arts impacts, this article is novel in exploring the entwined relationship between impacts seen as ‘hard’ and ‘soft’. We draw on research examining the links between arts education and young people's future trajectories and use the concept of ‘active citizenship’ to show how informal, softer skills fostered through creative learning are an important part of citizenship-making for some young people. Participants’ accounts show how improvements in soft skills can give young people opportunities for agency, which shape progression pathways leading to measurable change. This finding is directly relevant in the context of evaluations of arts impacts in the UK and abroad, and should encourage further examination of the impact of creative learning on transfer of skills as well as policy developments in this area.     

澳大利亚职业技能竞赛体系及其国际化研究

澳大利亚以世界技能大赛为标杆,形成了“地区—国家—世赛”职业技能竞赛体系,同时创立了全球技能挑战赛这一具有自身特色的国际职业技能竞赛品牌,并广泛参与竞赛相关的国际交流与合作,在世界职业技能教育与培训领域形成了一定影响力。通过实地考察和相关文献梳理所得出的澳大利亚职业技能竞赛组织和国际交流活动经验,将为我国优化职业技能竞赛组织和打造具有广泛影响力的国际职业技能竞赛品牌提供有益参考。     

Developmental trajectories of children's spatial skills: Influencing variables and associations with later mathematical thinking

Few studies have examined the long-term relations between children's early spatial skills and their later mathematical abilities. In the current study, we investigated children's developmental trajectories of spatial skills across four waves from age 3–7 years and their association with children's later mathematical understanding. We assessed children's development in a large, heterogeneous sample of children (N = 586) from diverse cultural backgrounds and mostly low-income homes. Spatial and mathematical skills were measured using standardized assessments. Children's starting points and rate of growth in spatial skills were investigated using latent growth curve models. We explored the influence of various covariates on spatial skill development and found that socioeconomic status, language skills, and sex, but not migration background predicted children's spatial development. Furthermore, our findings showed that children's initial spatial skills––but not their rate of growth––predicted later mathematical understanding, indicating that early spatial reasoning may play a crucial role for learning mathematics.     

Learning to observe: using video to improve preservice mathematics teachers’ ability to notice

Video has assumed an increasingly prominent role in teacher education, particularly in the form of the viewing of videotaped class lessons by preservice teachers. Yet there is little research that confirms whether preservice teachers attend to the aspects of the video(s) that teacher educators anticipate or desire. This article explores this issue and reports on the impact of video viewing as a means to improve teachers’ ability to be observers of classroom practice. We utilized a pre- and post-test design to measure the quantity and type of classroom events that preservice mathematics teachers noticed before and after a teaching methods course where improving observation skills was an explicit goal. The results of the pre-assessment suggest that preservice teachers generally do not enter teaching methods courses with well-developed observation skills. The post-assessment indicates that the course led to significant increases in preservice teachers’ observation skills, particularly in teachers’ ability to notice features of the classroom environment, mathematical content of a lesson, and teacher and student communication during a lesson.