高等教育自学考试教材《教育评估和督导》评析——兼论自学考试中的教与学

高等教育自学考试中的教与学是两个基点,而教材是基本依据。目前指定的《教育评估和督导〉存在一些问题,影响了教育的效果与质量。如何解决这些问题呢？（1）根据短线自考生的特点选择教材;（2）对现有教材进行适当修订;（3）采用合适的教学方法与策略。     

Determining threshold default risk criterion for trade credit granting

To solve the problem of setting threshold default risk criterion to select retailer eligible for trade credit granting, a novel method of solving simultaneous equations is proposed. This method is based on the bilevel programming modeling of trade credit decisions as an interaction between supplier and retailer. First, the bilevel programming is set up where the supplier decides on credit terms at the top level considering a retailer‘s default risk, and the retailer determines the order quantity at the lowe...     

用计算机化简逻辑式

本文寻求一种化简逻辑式的方法——应用BASIC语言程序化简逻辑式,把化简逻辑式的工作交给机器来完成,望在实际应用中把人们从烦杂的脑力劳动中解放出来。     

Utopia vs. reality: the effectiveness of in‐service training courses for EFL teachers

The article explores the long‐term effectiveness of in‐service teacher training courses for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in the Greek educational context. It presents the results of a questionnaire designed and issued to teacher‐trainees a year after the completion of 60‐hour courses. The questionnaire assessed, among others, (a) teacher trainees' beliefs regarding the relevance of the knowledge acquired to their individual needs, (b) the extent to which they used the materials provided in the course, and (c) the usefulness of the subjects offered. The data are discussed in relation to strategies for optimising teacher training services and implications are drawn for the implementation of change in a broader educational context. A ‘cooperative model' is proposed for the promotion of change involving active cooperation between all agents involved in the educational process and necessitating top‐down and bottom‐up cooperation.     

论商业银行资本的长期市场价值最大化

资本的长期市场价值最大化由商业银行的基本经济模式所决定，我国商业银行需要加强资本的战略管理。基本经济模式，经济模型分析、持续期管理具有内在统一性，是资本战略管理的有效分析方法。     

基于BP神经网络的湖泊水体富营养化的短期预测

选用含三层网络结构的BP神经网络来模拟湖泊水体的富营养化状况,通过软件MATLAB编写了BP神经网络训练和测试程序,测试结果表明此方法成功预测水体中叶绿素a的含量的短期变化趋势。     

Examining emic viewpoints on a pedagogical development program’s long-term effects using Q methodology

To examine the long-term effects of pedagogical development, the study explored 56 Chinese university instructors’ viewpoints on their professional agency in implementing new pedagogical practices following a PBL program in Denmark. Q methodology was supplemented by a post-sorting survey and post-analysis interviews. An eight-factor solution emerged, indicating a high variation in participants’ subjective experiences of PBL implementation. Their perceived sources for agency enactment are both internal and external, crossing three phases in practice – readiness, implementation, and prospects. Despite suggesting positive long-term PD effects, the study also illustrates how university instructors’ agency enactment is constrained by contextual aspects, including a lack of surrounding acceptance and support. Practical implementations how PD programs may support long-term teacher learning through agency development are provided.     

变异系数加权的组合赋权模型及科技评价实证

通过R聚类剔除反映信息重复的指标,利用因子分析遴选对科技评价影响较大的指标,构建了能够反映科学发展观内涵的科技评价指标体系。在此基础上,利用变异系数对主观G1权重、客观余弦夹角权重进行组合加权,建立了基于变异系数加权的组合赋权模型,并对中国14个典型的省份科技评价数据进行了实证。创新与特色:一是通过变异系数对主观G1权重、客观余弦夹角权重进行加权,构建了变异系数加权后组合权重最大的目标函数,进而确定了主、客观权重的组合系数θ_1、θ_2,反映了组合赋权中主、客观权重分布变异性越大、权重越大的赋权思路。弥补了现有组合赋权中主、客观权系数相等,无法有效反映专家知识经验和客观数据差异的不足。二是实证研究表明:科技投入不足是制约江西、广西两省科技发展较差的主要因素;科技对经济与社会的影响偏弱是制约四川省科技发展的关键因素;科技产出不足是制约黑龙江、山东、河南三省科技发展的瓶颈因素。     

Student employment: social differentials and field-specific developments in higher education

In this article, we examine social origin differences in employment patterns across different stages of higher education and compare these differences between vocational and academic fields of study. Using data from a large-scale German student survey, we study the development of inequality, according to social origins, in student employment from first-year to graduating students. We show that inequality in job quality exists and is partly attributable to the need for students from lower social origins to work in order to finance their studies. We hypothesise that initial inequalities decrease as students progress through higher education. While we find evidence for this hypothesis, we also show in multivariate models that the reduction of inequality in the student labour market is explained by prior differences between social origin groups.     

正当防卫制度之解读

刑法第二十条关于正当防卫制度的规定对于保护国家、公共利益、本人或他人的人身、财产和其他权利免受正在进行的不法侵害有着积极的意义。但是,我国刑法对正当防卫适用的起因条件、限度条件界定不明确。关于特殊防卫权的规定更欠周密性。这些都不利于正当防卫制度的有效实施。