米尔斯海默进攻性现实主义评析

米尔斯海默的进攻性现实主义是现实主义国际关系理论的最新发展。米氏提出国际关系的本质并没有发生根本性的变化,各国仍然追求最大化的权力。米氏的理论在很大程度上继承了华尔兹的结构现实主义理论,同时又对其做了修正。该理论的提出与美国外交的保守转向不谋而合,因而值得人们关注。     

父母教养方式研究的新进展

父母教养方式是父母教养观念、教养行为及其对儿童情感表现的一种组合方式,反映了亲子交往的实质。本文从四个方面概括总结了该领域内研究的新进展:(1)研究范式从亲子单向决定观向亲子系统观转变;(2)研究方法从传统单一化向现代综合化转变;(3)研究内容从单纯类型化影响研究向影响教养方式的多因素研究转变;(4)研究重心由理论研究向应用研究转变。并就这些转变和已有研究带来的问题,提出了前景展望。     

“攻防链”理论解读发球在竞技排球比赛中的作用

发球是竞技排球比赛"攻防链"的起点,重新认识发球对比赛结果的影响,有益于转变观念、科学指导训练.从竞技体育制胜规律视角,根据排球比赛"攻防链"系统的规律,运用文献资料研究和逻辑分析的方法,结合发球技术统计数据解读了发球在现代排球比赛中的重要作用,认为发球是排球比赛"攻防链"系统的主导环节,已经成为决定比赛胜负的一个最重要的因素.建议以新的观念重新认识发球的地位并加强发球训练.     

第29届奥运会中国男篮进攻能力分析

运用文献资料法、录像观察法、比较分析法、归纳法和数理统计等方法,对29届奥运会中国男篮与对手进攻能力多项指标进行统计分析,并与第15届世锦赛作比对。结果表明：与欧美强队相比,中国队在场均失误、犯规及罚球上与过去相比有一定进步,但在进攻战术体系运用上不合理,过分依赖阵地进攻,同时存在着进攻得分能力、助攻和篮板能力差等问题,是造成中国男篮在奥运会中没有能够改写历史的直接原因。     

婴幼儿家长高质量育儿素养测评

人生头3年胜过以后发展的各阶段。研究以“哈佛学前项目”总负责人怀特的《The First Three Years of Life》为内容依据,自编量表对105位婴幼儿家长进行测评。结果表明:（1）婴幼儿家长高质量育儿的知识与理念得分总体偏低。如平均得分40.6,60分以上仅占5.7%。（2）“依恋与情感发展促进”“个性与社会能力发展促进”“个体差异促进”等维度得分尤其低。（3）在“学习与注意力促进”上,学历高的家长得分显著高于学历低的家长。研究揭示测试中的婴幼儿家长高质量育儿知识与理念匮乏、婴幼儿家长育儿素养亟待引起重视。     

探析当代篮球运动攻守对抗的规律

通过对篮球运动攻守对抗的规律的阐述,揭示了篮球运动攻守对抗的基本特征.依据当代篮球运动攻守对抗矛盾的表现形式,论述了篮球运动攻守对抗内部与外部矛盾相互联系的内容和规律.     

The ‘good’ parent in relation to early childhood literacy: symbolic terrain and lived practice

In this paper we consider the place of early childhood literacy in the discursive construction of the identity(ies) of ‘proper’ parents. Our analysis crosses between representations of parenting in texts produced by commercial and government/public institutional interests and the self‐representations of individual parents in interviews with the researchers. The argument is made that there are commonalities and disjunctures in represented and lived parenting identities as they relate to early literacy. In commercial texts that advertise educational and other products, parents are largely absent from representations and the parent's position is one of consumer on behalf of the child. In government‐sanctioned texts, parents are very much present and are positioned as both learners about and important facilitators of early learning when they ‘interact’ with their children around language and books. The problem for which both, in their different ways, offer a solution is the “not‐yet‐ready” child precipitated into the evaluative environment of school without the initial competence seen as necessary to avoid falling behind right from the start. Both kinds of producers promise a smooth induction of children into mainstream literacy and learning practices if the ‘good parent’ plays her/his part. Finally, we use two parent cases to illustrate how parents' lived practice involves multiple discursive practices and identities as they manage young children's literacy and learning in family contexts in which they also need to negotiate relations with their partners and with paid and domestic work.     

Changing cognitions in parents of two‐year‐olds attending Scottish Sure Start centres

The study examined how preschool intervention programmes set up by three Scottish local authorities changed parents’ cognitions. Quantitative parent outcomes were measured using Parenting Daily Hassles Scales (N = 88). A matched comparison group of parents (N = 55) recruited from the same areas of disadvantage but whose children did not attend the intervention programmes also completed questionnaires. Qualitative outcomes were evaluated using semi‐structured interviews (N = 30). A significant group × time interaction effect was found for daily hassle cognitions, Parenting Task–Intensity, Challenging Behaviour–Frequency and Challenging Behaviour–Intensity, with comparison group parents showing an increase in their experience of hassles during the ‘terrible twos’ compared with intervention group parents. Complementary qualitative data indicated that intervention group parents had gained valuable new insights into their children’s behaviour, changing how they thought about their role as parents and their behavioural and developmental expectations of their children. Implications for parental engagement in preschool programmes are discussed.     

Recognizing the Outliers: Behaviors and Tendencies of the Profoundly Gifted Learner in Mixed-Ability Classrooms

This article focuses on (a) distinctions between the profoundly gifted individual and others, and (b) a chart describing tendencies and/or behaviors associated with the profoundly gifted student in common, mixed-ability educational settings. The intent is to provide educators, parents, and policymakers with preliminary awareness about the unique behaviors and tendencies of the profoundly gifted learner in heterogeneous educational settings. Learners with measured IQ scores greater than 3 SD units above the mean are a statistical rarity—outliers—in most educational settings. The current inability of most educators to identify and even minimally address needs leaves these students anxious, frustrated, and otherwise unable to reach their intellectual capacity in the majority of school settings across the country. Focused research and careful attention to the nature and needs of these individuals throughout their lives can contribute substantially to our developing understanding.     

The (re)production of (dis)advantage: class-based variations in parental aspirations,strategies and practices in relation to children’s primary education

The impact of family background on academic achievement, educational trajectories and life chances more generally has been a point of interest among academics for many years. The issue has been researched both quantitatively and qualitatively, with the two traditions generating quite different pictures of family-level ‘variables’ and processes related to child outcomes and boarder inequalities in education. This paper presents evidence of how parenting aspirations, strategies and practices vary according to social class gradients and work together in a holistic way to (re)produce social advantage and disadvantage during the primary school years.