Drawing and the Aestheticisation of the Human Figure by Four‐ to Ten‐Year‐Old Botswana Children: Implications for Pedagogy

Drawing is one of children's modes of communication which has recently excited academic inquiry in non‐Western cultures. It is the means through which children express their fears, desires, anxieties and conception of phenomena. This study investigated drawings by four‐ to ten‐year‐old Botswana children in response to the human figure as an aesthetic object. The methodology involved observing a sample of forty purposively selected children engaged in the drawing process and analysing their visual productions in addition to conversational talk about their art. The study found that the human figure was the dominant aesthetic subject across ages represented in both conventionalised form and personalised imagery. Older children showed interest in culture specific imagery and demonstrated mastery of occlusion and depth cues, while four‐year‐old children had limited spatial awareness. The study also found that children demonstrated gradual improvement of drawing skills with age. There was no significant difference in drawing competence between sexes. Pedagogical implications are suggested to scaffold children through the stages of art development.     

Training program in child abuse for community health workers

A wide range of health workers in the community provide care for families that abuse or have a potential for abusing their children. Frequently these workers are unable to work effectively because of difficulty dealing with feelings aroused by contact with such families.An experimental child abuse training program for community health workers was designed by a pediatrician, a social worker, a public health nurse and two child psychiatrists. This program included a six-month study group which met weekly to focus on feelings and conflcts aroused during the course of work with abusing or potentially abusing families.Through analysis of the group experience, the leaders identified eleven sets of feelings or conflicts which seemed to interfere consistently with effective delivery of care: 1)anxieties about a) being physically harmed by angry parents and b) about the effects of a decision; 2) denial and inhibition of anger; 3) need for emotional gratification from clients; 4) lack of professional support; 5) feelings of incompetence; 6) denial and projection of responsbility; 7) feeling total responsibility for assigned families; 8) difficulty separating personal from professional responsibility; 9) feelings of being a victim; 10) ambivalent feelings a) toward clients and b) about one's professional role; 11) need to be in control.This type of group experience seems to be an effective method for exploration and resolution of feelings and conflicts.     

试论明清之际的尊情思潮

明代自嘉靖之后,社会经济迅速发展,市民阶层空前壮大,人们的价值观亦随之发生了重大变化,于是文学界广泛兴起了一股尊情思潮。文章通过阐析明代汤显祖的至情说、冯梦龙的情教说和清代傅山、袁枚的唯情主义,以期揭示这一思潮产生的历史语境、内在本质以及功用价值。     

高校钢琴教育的民族化问题研究

随着人们物质生活的丰裕,人们越来越注重精神文化的享受,聆听音乐便是其中的形式之一。在众多乐器当中,钢琴是优雅的艺术,是精神的盛宴。钢琴教育民族化是中国钢琴发展的必经之路,但是就目前发展现状而论尚存在一些问题,针对新时期高校钢琴教育的民族化发展提出了几点意见。     

对城市与乡镇幼儿园810名3~6岁学龄前儿童感觉统合能力的测试研究

通过对８１０名不同性别、不同地域的３～６岁学龄前儿童感统合能力的测试发现,我国学龄前儿童感觉统合失调的发生具有普遍性,并存在明显的地域、性别、年龄、出生状态以及后天教育差异。建议相关人员高度重视并积极开展儿童感觉统合训练,以期预防和矫正獐感统合失调。     

儿童体操运动员4项身体素质与运动成绩的相关分析

对4项身体素质与运动成绩的相关分析可以看出,儿童体操运动员身体素质与运动成绩的关系密切,进行身体素质打分形式的竞赛是可行的。个别身体素质的指标选择和扣分标准有待进一步修订。     

Discerning childcare quality: parents as potential informants of policy beyond regulation

In the context of market-based childcare provision, governments in many industrialised countries use regulation to ensure quality standards and practices. Limited research, however, has investigated parents' perceptions of childcare quality and whether what parents value as contributors to quality resonates with regulatory frameworks. This article critically uses the Bourdieuian notion of ‘taste’ to explore the perspectives of parent users of high-quality childcare in Australia. Findings from six case studies show that irrespective of educational attainment, parents conceptualise ‘quality’ in childcare in ways that are consistent with, but also extend beyond, regulation. Parents identified factors such as engagement with the local community, not-for-profit community-based provision, and stability of committed staff who experience high job satisfaction as important to the provision of quality childcare. Identification of these factors highlights regulation as a potential discursive strategy that neutralises demand for other complementary but more contentious policy approaches.     

浅论儿童语言习得的内在因素

左脑半球的语言中枢是语言习得的必要条件 ,但其语言习得能力在青春期之后却迅速衰退 ;语言习得必须以语言理解为基础 ,思维决定语言并先于语言 ;智力与语言无本质联系 ,但却影响语言控制能力的发展 ,这些内在因素对语言习得是至关重要的。     

轻度弱智儿童语言能力的个案研究

通过研究一名5岁的轻度弱智儿童在自然情境中的自发性语言,从词类、语法结构、句子的平均长度、句法结构以及语用等方面分析其语言发展状况,探讨造成被试语言能力不足的原因。结果发现:被试使用的词汇中,大量为实词;被试的平均句子长度为2.07,仅相当于2岁左右正常儿童的水平;被试的交流、沟通技能明显不足;被试语用能力尚未形成,仍停留在自我中心的语言阶段。被试本身的认知水平不高和给予个案的语言刺激不够是造成其语言能力不足的主要原因。为个案营造一个良好的语言环境,加强亲子间的交流对于其语言能力的提高十分有利。     

在英语听说教学中使用多媒体的技巧

随着多媒体技术在外语教学中被越来越广泛地应用 ,其教学法也逐渐被重视起来。处理好“学生-教师 -多媒体””间的关系对充分利用媒体资源、发挥教师的业务水平、调动学生积极性和活跃课堂气氛都起着非常重要的作用。教师必须发挥想象力、积极主动地探索、实践和总结 ,做到因材施教和因人施教 ,上好每一堂既有趣又有意义的多媒体外语课