Comparison of total energy expenditure assessed by two devices in controlled and free-living conditions

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of total energy expenditure (TEE) provided by Actiheart^® and Armband^®. Normal-weight adult volunteers wore both devices either for 17 hours in a calorimetric chamber (CC, n = 49) or for 10 days in free-living conditions (FLC) outside the laboratory (n = 41). The two devices and indirect calorimetry or doubly labelled water, respectively, were used to estimate TEE in the CC group and FLC group. In the CC, the relative value of TEE error was not significant (p > 0.05) for Actiheart^® but significantly different from zero for Armband^®, showing TEE underestimation (?4.9%, p < 0.0001). However, the mean absolute values of errors were significantly different between Actiheart^® and Armband^®: 8.6% and 6.7%, respectively (p = 0.05). Armband^® was more accurate for estimating TEE during sleeping, rest, recovery periods and sitting–standing. Actiheart^® provided better estimation during step and walking. In FLC, no significant error in relative value was detected. Nevertheless, Armband^® produced smaller errors in absolute value than Actiheart^® (8.6% vs. 12.8%). The distributions of differences were more scattered around the means, suggesting a higher inter-individual variability in TEE estimated by Actiheart^® than by Armband^®. Our results show that both monitors are appropriate for estimating TEE. Armband^® is more effective than Actiheart^® at the individual level for daily light-intensity activities.     

许渊冲古诗英译中的意境美和无灵主语翻译法探究

意境是中国古诗词诗学中的一个核心概念。作为诗歌基本单位的情与景,两者的无间契合形成了诗歌意境。许渊冲在古诗词英译中所使用的无灵主语翻译法有效地传译中国古诗中的意境美,从而缩短了对中国文化零感知的西方读者间的距离,实现了跨越古今、中西间的视域融合。     

Effects of Autocorrelated Errors on Intraclass Reliability Estimation

Abstract

Conventional ANOVA procedures for estimating intraclass reliability of a test consisting of a series of repeated trials yield overly-biased estimates of the reliability coefficient when errors in the responses are autocorrelated. The direction and amount of bias depend on the type and magnitude of error autocorrelation present in the trial responses, as well as the relative size of true variance to error variance. Examples of these biases are presented by considering specific alternatives to the classical test theory model, namely two first-order time series models.     

连续型幂律分布的参数估计

文章探索连续型幂律分布的参数估计,主要研究参数的极大似然估计和有效估计.给出了参数的一个渐近有效估计,并且证明了不存在参数的有效无偏估计。     

关联理论下的英语阅读教学

Sperber和Wilson提出的关联理论被广泛应用于各个领域,对英语阅读教学有很强的指导作用。根据关联理论,阅读就是作者示意和读者推理的交际过程。在英语阅读过程中,要明确作者的真实交际意图,找到最佳关联,通过推理得出隐含语境,取得语境效果,从而达到阅读的目的。本文介绍了关联理论的含义和原则,讨论了关联理论在英语阅读教学中的重要作用。     

从视域融合角度分析译者翻译策略

视域融合在一定程度上揭示了译者翻译的实质。译者翻译策略在很大程度上由译者的文化意识、历史意识以及读者意识决定。本文基于视域融合视角,从这三个方面对译者翻译策略进行了分析。     

The Impact of Omitting Random Interaction Effects in Cross-Classified Random Effect Modeling

The present study examines bias in parameter estimates and standard error in cross-classified random effect modeling (CCREM) caused by omitting the random interaction effects of the cross-classified factors, focusing on the effect of a sample size within cells and ratio of a small cell. A Monte Carlo simulation study was conducted to compare the correctly specified and the misspecified CCREM. While there was negligible bias in fixed effects, substantial biases were found in the random effects of the misspecified model depending on the number of samples within a cell and the proportion of small cells. However, in the case of the correctly specified model, no bias occurred. The present study suggests considering the random interaction effects when conducting CCREM to avoid overestimation of variance components and to calculate an accurate value of estimation. The implications of this study are to illuminate the conditions of cross-classification ratio and to provide a meaningful reference for applied researchers using CCREM.     

混凝沉淀过程中最佳投药量方法的分析

在实验室条件下研究了不同混凝剂投药量对原水浊度的影响。通过对比学生课堂上获得的三组数据,说明最小投药量对最佳投药量曲线的影响。     

基于2D-3D泛轮廓点对应的三维刚体目标的迭代姿态估计

以单目观测下三维刚体目标的姿态估计为研究对象,针对现有迭代估计方法存在的收敛半径小和收敛速度慢的问题,提出一种新的基于2D-3D泛轮廓点对应的迭代姿态估计方法.与现有的基于数值优化的方法不同,本方法从输入图像的2D泛轮廓点出发,着眼于显性地建立输入图像到目标三维模型的2D-3D特征投影对应关系,进而以此显性投影对应关系对目标的三维姿态参数进行估计.实验结果表明,该方法在算法复杂性、收敛半径和收敛速度上均有明显改进.     

SAR天线相位中心的分析及测量

从合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统的工作原理出发,分析了SAR天线相位中心的实际含义和定位需求,总结出相位中心在天线口径面上最佳二维坐标和相对插入相移2项指标.利用几何光学原理和最小二乘估计,给出了2项指标的测量方法,并给出了一部双子孔径SAR相控阵天线的相位中心测量实例.