论网络环境下情报检索语言的发展趋势

本文论述了网络环境下采用自然语言是必然趋势,然而自然语言并不会成为网络环境下的唯一检索语言,自然语言和人工语言相结合才是发展的方向.参考文献8.     

情报检索语言研究的新领域

情报检索语言的发展面临现代化、理论方法综合化和集成化的新条件,研究新的语言模型,提高检索语言的表达、描述等功能是当前的重要研究课题,同时要具体研究数据库检索语言、网络检索语言、本体论和语义网检索语言。在所有这些领域里,检索语言的机器理解功能日益重要;为适应机器处理的环境,对它的逻辑推理能力的要求越来越高,知识建模功能与系统表达能力受到越来越多的重视。     

授权影印版西文图书的编目探讨

在对授权影印版西文图书的特征进行分析描述的基础上，结合西文文献编目原则及MARC21著录格式，探讨了该类出版物的文种归属问题及其编目方法，并提出了建议。     

口述历史在地方文献工作中的意义及实践

文章首先简要介绍现代口述历史的含义及其发展历程，阐述了口述历史对于地方文献工作的意义，并结合自己的工作实践探索开展口述历史工作的方法和需要注意的问题。     

Two-stage statistical language models for text database selection

As the number and diversity of distributed Web databases on the Internet exponentially increase, it is difficult for user to know which databases are appropriate to search. Given database language models that describe the content of each database, database selection services can provide assistance in locating databases relevant to the information needs of users. In this paper, we propose a database selection approach based on statistical language modeling. The basic idea behind the approach is that, for databases that are categorized into a topic hierarchy, individual language models are estimated at different search stages, and then the databases are ranked by the similarity to the query according to the estimated language model. Two-stage smoothed language models are presented to circumvent inaccuracy due to word sparseness. Experimental results demonstrate that such a language modeling approach is competitive with current state-of-the-art database selection approaches.     

从信息构建看未来的知识管理

本文从信息构建出发 ,进而引申到知识管理与知识推理 ,最终提出了知识基础工程。在设计并实现自然语言的语法开发平台时 ,产生了构建知识库的设想。利用语法开发平台 ,就可以对自然语言的语法进行开发 ,加上一个好的算法 ,就可以对大规模文本进行自动分析。对分析过的句子进行内容提取 ,并用面向对象方法和逻辑形式进行格式化 ,得到以面向对象为特征的常识知识库和以逻辑命题为特征的专家知识库 ,这应该是知识发现、知识管理的最高层次 ,也是知识工程的核心     

从五十年馆藏西文文献看国外藏学研究及藏学文献的发展

通过对馆藏西文藏学文献的分析,以点带面,概括出国外对藏学研究及国外出版的藏学文献的特色、意义和今后的发展方向,以及国内在收藏和利用国外有关文献时应注意的问题,从而为藏学研究工作者提供更好的文献资源服务。     

高校图书馆外文期刊利用中的问题与对策

外文期刊利用率低是各高校图书馆普遍存在的问题，文章对造成外文期刊利用率低的原因进行分析，并提出了相应对策。     

Excluding archival silences: Oral history and historical absence

Despite our society's increasing reliance on electronic documentation, to-date archives remain, largely, material repositories of cultural memory. It is an accepted historical problematic, however, that culture is often resistant to material preservation. There exists an undeniable and profound tension between scholarly efforts to reconstruct history and interpret cultural traditions and the fragmentary, and often limited, material record. That is to say, scholarship is shaped by a sinuous negotiation around the historical silences that encompass all of material culture. Historical silences, however, can at times be marginalized (or at best excluded) by a sensitive configuration of material evidence with oral history.Excluding Archival Silences: Oral History and Historical Absence uses a historically and geographically specific example of oral history to engage in a more generalist discussion of how oral reflection, especially when shaped by material evidences, can be an especially effective tool for preserving the dynamics of culture that often remain undocumented.     

Automatic Alphabet Recognition

The last step of the Information Retrieval process is to display the found documents to the user. However, some difficulties might occur at that point. English texts are usually written in the ASCII standard. Unlike the English language, many languages have different character sets, and do not have one standard. This plurality of standards causes problems, especially in a web environment, where one may download a document with an unknown standard. This paper suggests a purely automatic way of finding the standard which was used by the document writer based on the statistical letters distribution in the language. We developed a vector-space-based method that creates frequencies vectors for each letter of the language and then matches a new document's vectors to the pre-computed templates. The algorithm was applied on various types of corpora in Hebrew, Russian and English, and provides an efficient solution to the stated problem in most cases.