New Structures,New Strategies: CSIRO’s Changing Role in Australian Innovation

Abstract

CSIRO’s role in Australian innovation has evolved over the years in response to changes in the external environment and within Australia’s national innovation system. The process of organisational change has been characterised by a series of restructurings—in 1978, 1988, 1996 and 2001—and accompanying shifts in the organisation’s strategic directions. In this paper we look at the process of organisational change in an historical context, looking at the evolving external environment, the legislative and management background, and the shifts in the organisation’s strategic directions. The change process is interpreted from a punctuated equilibrium perspective. We propose that discontinuous, rather than continuous change, is the way that a complex and diversified organisation like CSIRO adjusts to a changing external environment and, moreover, that independent public reviews have an important role in this process. In the light of major changes in the Australian and scientific landscapes over the past two decades we suggest it is time to look again at CSIRO’s role and the sustainability of its internal management arrangements.     

英语中体育项目名称赏析

从一个新的角度出发,将英语同体育运动有机地结合为一体,以详实的资料和正确的论述将体育项目名称的来源、演变及内涵融会贯通,为最普及的一门语言(英语)与最为普及的一项活动(体育)高层次地融合做了有益的尝试。     

大学学术权力之“困”——基于高校行政权力强化合理性的视角

行政权力的“正义”地位与学术权力主导地位,是构建和谐高校权力系统的前提,而大学权威结构层次划分不合理、高校资源行政“计划”色彩过重、知识分子分化是导致学术权力弱化的主要原因。学术权力主导地位的确立,必须以教师的自主性为基础,以物质“硬环境”与文化“软环境”给与学术群体优势地位为必要保证。     

我国武术散打职业化发展现状及对策研究

运用文献资料法、调查访谈法、数理统计法对我国武术散打职业化相关问题进行研究,指出了武术散打职业化发展的现状,分析了我国武术散打职业化面临的问题,提出了武术散打职业化发展的对策,对建议新对策提供了一定的理论依据,以期促进我国武术散打职业化的理论研究和实践探索.     

‘Real Pictures of Current Events’

Objectivity has been regarded as a central ideal of American journalism in the early twentieth century. The concurrent emergence of photography in the press is rarely associated with this development. The article explores the photographic legacy of journalistic objectivity by discussing a crucial phase in the development of reproduction media for images, the transition from wood engravings to halftones. The former was the dominant mode of ‘illustrated journalism’, the latter became the dominant mode of reproducing photojournalism in print in the twentieth century. The halftone process introduced an equivalence between photographs and their reproductions, obliterating the mediation that had taken place in a code of reproduction that was almost imperceptible. In the contested adoption of the halftone process, it is argued, a shifting valuation of photographs can be observed that prefigures the formulation of objectivity as a transparent code of mediation in journalism.     

A contested profession: employability,performativity and professionalism in Irish further education

Further education typically represents the vocational, technical and practice-based forms of education, but this is now being repositioned in a neo-liberal era that is driving a performance-based and market-orientated vision of education in the Republic of Ireland and elsewhere. The implacable drive of neo-liberal economics in everyday practice is evident in the current economic and training discourses of further education, which aim to upgrade the employability of low-skilled and marginalised sectors of the population. The article provides an overview of shifts in educational policy and practices that align Irish further education with what has occurred in the UK and elsewhere through processes of professionalisation and performativity. Analysis of the potential impact on notions of professional identity in the sector helps to articulate the principles, pedagogies and philosophies that will be vital when contesting the performance cultures of New Managerialism that seem likely to ensue. We explore the implications in terms of the policy discourses, organisational structure and professional practices of further education. We contend that changes in these areas have profound impacts on the learning and knowledge base of further education, constraining its social justice and transformative capacity for the learners at the heart of further education.     

The Norden Associations and international efforts to change history education, 1919–1970: international organisations,education, and hegemonic nationalism

During the interwar period, a number of organisations started to look into education as part of an attempt to understand how nationalism was fuelled through education and to what extent it had forced the outbreak of the Great War. In response to nationalism and a perceived need for reformation of national narratives, the school subjects of history and geography became the primary suspects as advocates of chauvinism and militarism. In 1919, associations for the promotion of understanding and cooperation between the Scandinavian countries – the Norden Associations [föreningarna Norden] – began investigating history textbooks. This revision of textbooks was expanded in the 1930s to explore, assess, and develop the entire teaching of history in the Nordic countries. The Norden Associations converged on many levels with the disparate international movements for educational change. This article presents the Norden Associations as part of a process of hegemonic isomorphism in which cultural hegemony set the institutional boundaries within which the organisations could work in order to attain legitimacy. The article demonstrates how an organisation with a specific political agenda, and with only limited international objectives came to be – not only a part of – but, to some extent, an organisational role model for loftier efforts aimed at global and cosmopolitan history teachings.     

教师持续专业学习与发展:内涵、条件与评估 ——专访英国诺丁汉大学荣休教授戴杰思

在教师发展领域,基于原有的教师“专业发展(PD)”“持续/连续专业发展(CPD)”,戴杰思教授进一步提出并强调教师“持续专业学习与发展(CPLD)”的概念。他认为,CPLD项目本质上是对教师实施的系列干预活动,主要是通过有意识地为教师提供有价值的学习内容和发展机会,促进教师的专业成长,从而实现学校的积极变革和可持续发展。在CPLD项目的设计和实施过程中,要重视教师的内因作用,特别是他们的情绪韧性;同时,学校在开展CPLD项目过程中,需要从四个方面保障其有效性,即正确认识教师学习的本质与改变、重视教师专业性、提升学校领导层重视度、创建专业学习共同体。由于教师工作的复杂性,CPLD项目实施效果的测量和评估需通过构建长期、多视角立体式的测评模式探索其有效的路径和方法。     

中国职业足球俱乐部公司化无形资产界定研究

采用文献资料、调查访谈、比较研究等方法，对我国职业足球俱乐部公司化中的无形资产界定进行了系统研究。结论：应以现代公司制度的产权制度来塑造中国职业足球俱乐部，其中无形资产的界定是关键，要使职业足球俱乐部公司享有法人财产权，能够自负盈亏、自我发展。     

The changing nature of autonomy: Transformations of the late Swedish teaching profession

This article discusses teacher autonomy in the case of the Swedish teaching profession since the 1980s. It is argued that deregulation, decentralization, and marketization reforms of the 1990s have indeed increased teacher autonomy, but in some respects also led to a increase of complexity in the Swedish school system. In order to handle this complexity, the state intensified a standardization of schooling, which restricts teacher autonomy today. Relevant the paper's understanding is that teacher autonomy is always about control, exerted internally by the profession itself and facilitated externally by state standards. The article argues that the restriction of teacher autonomy in recent times is also related to a simplified understanding of the phenomenon in the reforms of the 1990s.