工读学校学生人际信任现状及其与普通学生的差异研究——基于上海市的调查

目的:了解工读学校学生人际信任的现状和特征,为工读学校和工读学生家长开展相关方面的教育提供依据,引起相关研究者对工读教育这一边缘教育领域的更多关注。方法:通过问卷、访谈、实地考察等方式对上海市7所工读学校和2所普通中学的237名工读学校学生和159名普通学生进行调查。结果显示:工读学校学生人际信任的群体内部差异较大,两极分化明显;且存在显著的年级差异,随着年级的升高而降低;人际信任水平在性别、独生与否、家庭完整度、家庭所在地上不存在显著差异;工读学校学生的整体人际信任水平低于普通初中生,不信任感更高,对人性的看法更为消极。     

社区边界、信任与集体行动——基于羊村个案的经验研究

西方关于集体行动的主流理论——资源动员理论,在解释我国乡村集体行动问题出现了困境:它过于注重个体的理性计算,而忽略了乡村社区(族群)结构对个体的影响。文章在检讨这一理论之后提出的关于集体行动的社区边界理论认为,社区(族群)互动及其信任关系是推动集体行动的重要因素。鉴于社区边界冲突是导致乡村集体行动的主因,因此,应从政策层面上维护社区边界的相对稳定。     

Factors contributing to university image: the postgraduate students’ points of view

Despite several studies having been conducted to examine organizational image from a business perspective, there has not been adequate research in the area of perceived image in nonprofit organizations such as universities. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the factors contributing to university image, from the postgraduate students’ point of view. In addition, the impact of the students’ perceived university image on their organizational trust was examined. The population of this study consisted of postgraduate students in 10 of the top Iranian universities. Questionnaires were used to collect the required data. The findings indicated the difference between current practices and ideal values of the factors contributing to the university image. Based on our findings, the factors contributing to university image range from internal and international reputation, university members, and academic planning, to university environment. Furthermore, we found that university image has a significant impact on students’ trust in their university.     

中美战略互信的困境与机遇

目前中美战略互信处于一种低度信任状态。增进中美战略互信,我们应该持有的预期不可能是高度信任,而只能是中度信任,因为中美战略互信存在结构困境、博弈困境和政治文化困境。但同时也应看到,由于中美关系完全失衡的状态正在发生根本性改变,中美经济关系正在朝着前所未有的深度和广度发展,中国的国际形象正处在一个最佳时期,中美之间的相互了解和交流已进入前所未有的高峰期,全球治理的挑战要求中美加强战略互信,中美战略互信进入重要机遇期。     

The Norden Associations and international efforts to change history education, 1919–1970: international organisations,education, and hegemonic nationalism

During the interwar period, a number of organisations started to look into education as part of an attempt to understand how nationalism was fuelled through education and to what extent it had forced the outbreak of the Great War. In response to nationalism and a perceived need for reformation of national narratives, the school subjects of history and geography became the primary suspects as advocates of chauvinism and militarism. In 1919, associations for the promotion of understanding and cooperation between the Scandinavian countries – the Norden Associations [föreningarna Norden] – began investigating history textbooks. This revision of textbooks was expanded in the 1930s to explore, assess, and develop the entire teaching of history in the Nordic countries. The Norden Associations converged on many levels with the disparate international movements for educational change. This article presents the Norden Associations as part of a process of hegemonic isomorphism in which cultural hegemony set the institutional boundaries within which the organisations could work in order to attain legitimacy. The article demonstrates how an organisation with a specific political agenda, and with only limited international objectives came to be – not only a part of – but, to some extent, an organisational role model for loftier efforts aimed at global and cosmopolitan history teachings.     

What's trust got to do with it? The ‘washback effect’ of engagement in the 2020 calculated grades process on teachers' trust and future senior cycle reform in Ireland

In Ireland, the high-stakes Leaving Certificate Examination at the end of upper secondary education was abruptly cancelled in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Instead, calculated grades were introduced, necessitating for the first time the involvement of secondary school teachers in the assessment of their own students for certification. This article reports on analysis of responses to an online survey with 713 respondents conducted in the autumn of 2020, focusing on teacher experiences of engagement in the process of calculated grades in their schools and how this might inform perceptions of their future roles as assessors. Among the key findings to emerge from re-analyses of these data are inter alia that, for some teachers, (1) negotiation of student grades with colleagues—particularly those at grade boundaries—caused them to question the professional judgements of peers; (2) release by the Department of Education and Skills of student ranks, in addition to grades, constituted a breach of trust because it ran contrary to what they understood had been agreed initially; and (3) living and working in small towns or rural communities in Ireland left them very vulnerable to disgruntled students and their families—resulting in the perception that trust in their professional judgements had been undermined. Hence, the conclusion that the success of Senior Cycle reform efforts is contingent on both rebuilding teachers' trust over time while also working, in the immediate term, with teachers interested in exploring further their roles in school-based assessment for certification purposes.     

网络动态干扰监控的信任感知推荐算法设计

网络用户信任感知推荐的准确性设计是提高用户间的社交网络辅助信息信任度的重要依据。传统的网络用户信任感知推荐算法采用的是基于社交网络服务和用户评分的推荐系统,主观性较大,协同过滤效果不好。提出一种基于网络动态干扰监控的信任感知推荐算法设计新方法,设计自适应神经模糊系统网络动态干扰监测算法,构建基于向量空间模型的信任度评价指标体系结构,通过调整网络拓扑权重向量设置信任度周期响应加权变量自适应函数,有效降低迭代算法的运算成本,避免了自适应神经模糊系统网络动态干扰监测加权权重成固化状态,提高抗干扰性能。实验结果表明,算法能使社交网络感知推荐模型的预测误差减少,推荐可靠性优于传统方法。     

基于可信模型的数字图书馆云服务绩效评估

云计算环境下,如何向用户提供最有效、最可信的服务成为数字图书馆面临的新挑战。本文从安全与风险、数据可用性、云服务质量与可控性、云资源与经济性5个方面,提出了一种基于可信模型的数字图书馆云服务绩效评估指标体系。该指标体系评估结果可为云计算环境下,数字图书馆读者云阅读服务提供量化的数据分析基础。     

构建社会组织参与社会管理的协同机制——基于能力、信任、增权和资源的视角

"社会协同"是我国社会管理体制的重要组成部分,协同治理是实现善治的必选路径。我国在建构协同机制的过程中遇到了现实困境,政府和社会组织之间形成了一个暂时无法弥合的协同缝隙,其制约因素主要是社会组织在能力和资源等方面受限制、政府和社会组织之间相互信任和相互增权有限。因此,应从能力、信任、增权和资源之间的内在逻辑和作用机理来构建政府和社会组织之间的协同管理机制,以有效地破解社会组织协同管理的现实困境,形成社会管理的合力,确保社会既充满活力又和谐、有序。     

不确定环境下组织间信任与合作创新绩效研究

管理者如何在不确定环境下管理好组织间信任模式,继而提升企业合作创新绩效成为企业面临的现实问题。本文基于战略决策视角分析不确定环境下组织间信任对合作创新绩效的影响机制。研究结果显示,组织间计算信任与关系信任对企业间合作创新绩效的影响具有差异性,具体表现为组织间计算信任能显著提升企业间合作创新绩效,组织间关系信任与企业间合作创新绩效间呈倒U型非线性关系,且关系信任的合作创新激励效应强于计算信任。进一步,市场不确定正向调节关系信任与合作创新关系,负向调节计算信任与合作创新关系。行为不确定负向调节关系信任与合作创新关系,正向调节计算信任与合作创新关系。本文丰富了供应链网络下组织间信任与企业创新发展相关理论研究,为企业在不确定环境下管理合作信任模式提供借鉴与指导。