Social influence in relation to current and intended physical activity among adolescents

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of social support and negative social influence from various contexts on adolescents’ current and intended physical activity. Questionnaire data were obtained from 1156 students aged 16–17 years. Relationships among variables were examined with principal component analysis and structural equation modelling. Social influence from several contexts was strongly related to current and intended physical activity, particularly among students in work preparing school programmes. Social support in a sport club context provided the strongest unique contribution to the relationship with physical activity, and social support from an outside perspective (e.g. suggestions, help to plan, and positive talk about physical activity), from the contexts school and leisure, had multidimensional effects. Social support could exist in tandem with experiences of negative social influences (e.g. complaints, critique, teasing). In conclusion, it is necessary to expand our understanding of processes that surround supportive as well as negative social influences on adolescents’ level of physical activity and distinguish between main, buffering, and intervening effects of social support.     

Perceived social support from team-mates: Direct and stress-buffering effects on self-confidence

Abstract

In this study, we wished to determine whether the perceived support available from team-mates predicts levels of self-confidence. Four dimensions of support were examined: emotional, esteem, informational, and tangible. The sample consisted of 152 university athletes (74 females, 78 males) with a mean age of 20.1 years (s=1.4). Participants completed measures of perceived support, stressors, and self-confidence at the training session before an important match. Moderated hierarchical regression analyses revealed that all four dimensions of support had direct effects on self-confidence (ΔR ²=0.13–0.17, all P<0.01), with support positively predicting self-confidence. Perceived emotional (ΔR ²=0.05, P<0.05), esteem (ΔR ²=0.02, P<0.05), and informational (ΔR ²=0.03, P <0.05) support also had stress-buffering effects on self-confidence. The findings suggest that although university athletes perceived different levels of emotional, esteem, informational, and tangible support to be available from their team-mates, all four dimensions of support positively predicted self-confidence.     

Sport commitment and participation in masters swimmers: The influence of coach and teammates

Abstract

This study investigated how coach and teammates influence masters athletes' sport commitment, and the effect of functional and obligatory commitments on participation in masters swimming. The sample consisted of 523 masters swimmers (330 males and 193 females) aged between 22 and 83 years (M = 39.00, SD = 10.42). A bi-dimensional commitment scale was used to measure commitment dimensions and perceived influence from social agents. Structural equation modelling analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of social agents on functional and obligatory commitments, and the predictive capabilities of the two types of commitment towards sport participation. Support provided by coach and teammates increased functional commitment, constraints from these social agents determined higher obligatory commitment, and coach constraints negatively impacted functional commitment. In addition, both commitment types predicted training participation, with functional commitment increasing participation in team training sessions, and obligatory commitment increasing the hours of individual training. The findings suggest that in order to increase participation in masters swimming teams and reduce non-supervised training, coach and teammates should exhibit a supportive attitude and avoid over expectation.     

论绿色消费的环境支撑体系构建

绿色消费是人类对传统消费方式反思后提出的一种资源节约、环境友好的生态消费理念,亦是一种健康、时尚的消费方式。实施绿色消费必须建立强大的环境支撑体系才能有效开展。要建立和完善绿色消费的社会舆论引导机制,创建绿色消费的政策支持体系,建立健全绿色消费的法律支撑体系,完善企业生产监管体制,把绿色生产实施情况纳入干部绩效考核体系,建立和完善市场监督管理机制。     

裁员不确定感、心理调控与员工绩效——组织干预感知的调节作用

利用沿海地区481名留任员工的调查数据拟合假设关系模型,研究发现:两种裁员不确定感都是消极影响员工心理调控能力的重要因素,但它们对员工心理调控能力的影响机制却并不一致;员工自我调控对员工绩效的正向影响要远大于自我效能;通过多群因果分析和联合T检验发现,组织干预感知对裁员不确定感、心理调控和员工绩效三者之间的关系起调节作用。     

职场排斥与员工离职倾向:组织认同与职业生涯韧性的作用

以社会认同理论与人格特质理论为研究视角,以山东地区263名员工为被试,研究职场排斥对离职倾向影响的作用机制与边界条件。研究结果表明:职场排斥对组织认同有显著负向影响,对离职倾向有显著正向影响,组织认同在职场排斥与离职倾向中起到完全中介作用;职业生涯韧性能缓冲职场排斥对员工离职倾向的影响,即高职业生涯韧性的员工在相同职场排斥情况下,其离职倾向更低。     

基于组织身份领地维护与拓展的企业竞争行为研究

在组织身份与身份领地概念的界定基础上,分析组织身份领地对企业竞争行为的影响,最后结合组织身份领地维护与拓展的权衡视角,通过对诺基亚和柯达两大公司对于组织身份领地维护与拓展成败的案例分析,深入探析创新环境下企业竞争行为的选择.     

组织创造力的形成机理研究

应用创造力的皮格马利翁效应理论,对创造动机在组织内不同层次之间的传导过程进行分析;借鉴知识创造的转化模型,构建了个体想法产生向组织想法产生的跃迁机制;依据组织创造力的交互作用模型,提出了影响组织创造力形成的主要组织及环境因素,最终系统性地构建了组织创造力的余弦式周期形成框架。     

竞技体育组织的研究进展热点评述

中国竞技体育的腾飞和国际体坛地位的确立无不得益于其体育组织的不断变革与创新。中国竞技体 育组织的研究主旨是促进竞技体育健康可持续发展。在研究内容上主要集中于组织形态特征和运行特征、 举国体制的管理模式、竞技体育从业人员的关系及其对竞技组织绩效影响等几个方面的研究。采用基本理 论的介绍或援用,通过对局部的问题的实证性研究来印证相关理论研究范式。将运动项目特征研究融于组 织形态、组织文化、组织变革研究之中,加强临床应用研究是未来我国竞技体育组织研究的方向。     

以支撑脚为参考系的轮滑双蹬技术外刃蹬地动作力学分析

探究轮滑运动双蹬技术的外刃蹬地动作是否提高了运动员在前进方向上的速度,运用力学知识对运动员在外刃蹬地时的受力情况、步长、做功、速度和动能的变化进行分析。结果:在假设各种阻力为零的条件下,以支撑脚为参考系,运动员外刃蹬地时身体重心在支撑反作用力的水平分力方向上位移为零,在支撑反作用力水平分力作用的方向上身体重心的速度为零,支撑反作用力的水平分力所做的功为零,身体重心在支撑腿滑进方向上的速度大小没有变化,动能没有增加。结论:在假设各种阻力为零的条件下,以支撑脚为参考系,运动员外刃蹬地时身体重心的合速度没有增大,动能没有增加。