The Influence of Occupational Self-Efficacy on the Relationship of Leadership Behavior and Preparedness for Occupational Change

A theoretical framework for the relationship between preparedness for occupational change, occupational self-efficacy, and leadership is presented. Preparedness for occupational change is defined as the wish to acquire higher task demands (i.e. greater complexity) in the sense that employees have thought about change but have not yet acted to seek change. It explained why preparedness for occupational change is central prior to, during, and after organizational change is introduced. A model of determinants of preparedness for occupational change is established. The application of this model in different stages of organizational change is demonstrated. Central aspects in this model are self-efficacy and leadership. Self-efficacy influences preparedness for occupational change in the different stages. This effect is demonstrated using the three assumed outcomes of self-efficacy (i.e., initiation of behavior, persistence, and effort) and their relationship to preparedness for occupational change. It is assumed that perceived leadership influences occupational self-efficacy. Three factors influencing self-efficacy (mastery experience, vicarious learning, and verbal persuasion) are regarded as possibly being responsible for this effect. The implications of the model for organizational practice are discussed.     

“学习支持服务”概念探索

"学习支持服务"是远程教育成功的关键因素之一,但在目前远程开放教育中,这个概念的界定并不十分清楚.在国内出版的各种词典中,还没有"学习支持服务"的词条和定义.本文通过对这个问题产生的原因以及约翰·A·巴斯、霍姆佰格、戴维·西沃特、安东尼·凯和格伦维尔·鲁姆勃尔理论研究成果探索的基础上,尝试给"学支持服务"下一个定义,以便对从事远程教育的工作者有所启示.     

网络环境教育与电大基层工作策略

在网络环境下，电视大学系统中的基层分校为了有效地承担起远程教学任务，要做到转变观念、主动适应；委做好网络和其他教学媒体的整合，组织好对学习的支持服务；要利用好网络的互动功能；作好对学生的人关怀。     

Antecedents of organizational commitment among faculty: an exploratory study

Faculty are the main asset of a university and determine its success. The attitudes of faculty toward their institution play an especially important role in the academic profession. This study examines the specific antecedents of affective, normative and continuance commitment of faculty to their university. This study is an online survey of 317 faculty of Russian higher education institutions. The results of the regression analysis showed that being an undergraduate inbred (i.e. working at the university from which one graduated) predicted affective and normative commitment toward the university, while having a post at another higher education institution predicted only affective commitment. Faculty who work at several universities have lower levels of emotional attachment to the primary university.     

Importing organizational reform: The case of lay boards in Hungary

Hungary initiated a major higher education reform program inthe early 1990s that included the establishment of boards at boththe national and institutional levels. This article exploresHungarians' engagement of the idea of boards, adaptations of theAmerican model, adoption of their own model and earlyimplementation. Importing an organizational reform like boardsoccurs within existing cultural and political norms. Thetraditional socialist norms, surrounding nature of the socialisteconomy and the concept of a civil society in countries likeHungary loom large in introducing new structures and values.Structurally, boards at both the national and institutionallevels challenge not only the remnants of the Soviet model ofhigher education but also the classic continental model, uponwhich Hungarian universities were built, of a bimodaldistribution of power between the state and the professorate. Boards fall between the state and professorate and challengethese power centers. The decentralization that boards representruns counter to bureaucratic ministry control and threatens thenewly found power of institutional senates. In a larger,societal sense they also occupy that intermediate space betweenthe government and the individual or what many writers refer toas civil society that by most observers' accounts isunderdeveloped in countries like Hungary. Underdevelopment ofcivil society generally raises questions of societal readinessfor institutions like boards.Politically, the introduction of boards demonstrates thecomplex nature of support for and opposition to change as well asthe personalized politics in reform movements in smallercountries. The changes that have occurred in governments alsoreveal how difficult institutionalization of reform can beespecially when combined with strong cultural norms that mitigateagainst change. While it is too early to tell whether boardswill flourish or wither, they have encountered rocky soil at thenational level and neglect at the institutional level in Hungary.     

97名中小学领导的自我监控性及其组织承诺、工作满意度的相关研究

考察97名中小学领导的自我监控性与组织承诺、工作满意度之间的相关，研究发现：中小学领导在自我监控性和组织承诺及其感情承诺、规范承诺方面均呈显性相关；中小学领导的自我监控性可以作为组织承诺及其规范承诺、继续承诺的预测指标；中小学领导的自我监控性与工作满意度之间无显性相关。     

Privatization: An Unheralded Trend in Public Higher Education

Privatization refers to the changing funding base for public higher education. Beginning in the late 1970s, state governments slowly but steadily decreased the level of support for higher education. As the state support declined, student tuition rose, both in absolute terms and as a percentage of the support for the Education and General budgets of public colleges and universities. At the same time, the rationale for higher education changed, from viewing it as a public benefit—with the major share of the cost borne by the public—to describing it as a private benefit—with the students paying the major share of the cost. A public policy issue of this magnitude requires the involvement of the public in an informed discussion before change occurs.     

论福柯权力的技术支撑系统

福柯对他的微观权力理论阐释方式的后现代特征及其强调权力是关系、是网络、非实体、无中心等，容易导致人们认为其权力理论缺乏技术支撑。福柯看到了这一点，因此，他更加关注和阐释了权力的运行机制和权力的技术问题，运用谱系学的方法考察了权力技术支撑系统的历史流变，阐述了现代社会规训权力的技术支撑系统及其运行机制，为其微观权力理论提供技术支撑。     

超重板模板支撑架设计与受力监测分析

厚度2.8 m的现浇混凝土楼板的重量远大于危险性较大模板支撑体系规定的荷载值,采用通常的模板支撑架不能满足立杆稳定性验算的要求。设计超厚板独立支撑模板支撑体系,在模板支撑架立杆上布置应变测点,采集浇筑混凝土过程中的应变数据。分析显示:局部测点应变值偏大与模架下方立杆偏心受压有关,浇筑混凝土过程中出现瞬间动载远超静态荷载应变允许值等现象。建议应用类似模板支撑结构时,设计更为合理的立杆上方承载装置;浇筑和振捣混凝土形成的动荷载是模板支撑架的安全隐患,有必要进一步研究动荷载与模板支撑架稳定性之间的关系。     

Positing Organizational Effectiveness as a Second-Order Construct in Hong Kong Higher Education Institutions

The study examines the relative importance of the various organizational effectiveness dimensions in higher education institutions by positing organizational effectiveness as a second-order construct. Based on the findings of a survey administered to university academics in Hong Kong universities, the second-order structure of organizational effectiveness was supported. The findings reflected that the student-related dimensions were not considered as important as the dimensions related to faculty employment and satisfaction and suggested the disproportionate influence of the governing body on universities in Hong Kong.