新世纪(2000～2004年)图书馆学专门方法研究述评

本文对进入新世纪以来的五年我国图书馆学专门方法的以下研究内容作了述评：图书馆学有无专门方法、图书馆学专门方法的内涵以及图书馆学专门方法的具体内容；在此基础上，探讨了我国图书馆学专门方法研究中存在的问题及应采取的对策。     

图书馆学的科学化与合理性

提出图书馆学的科学化和合理性问题。认为以图书馆这一人文社会现象作为自己研究对象的图书馆学,不可能实现绝对科学化和客观性,图书馆学科学化的实质是图书馆学的合理性,即合规律性与合目的性的统一,构建合理性图书馆学理论必须坚持科学实证与哲学人文建构相结合。     

欣赏性评价:综合素质评价的方法论选择

欣赏性评价是发现并欣赏学生特质与优势的评价。它不以先在指标体系来评价学生,而是以学生实际具备的素质为基础来建构评价指标与标准,是属于真实性评价、个性化评价和优势评价的范畴。作为评价方法论,它与综合素质评价在评价内容、方式等方面的要求上具有内在的一致性。依据欣赏性评价的思想,综合素质应该采取"评语评价"的方式。具体而言,可采取如下评价思路:注重学生的自我评价,以找准学生的优势素质;实行多元评价,提供结构性确证;采取表现性评价,提供参照性适切。     

基于OBE理念,构建通识教育课程教学与评估体系——以清华大学为例

国内高校积极探索实现通识教育的路径已有多年,但其效果在一定程度上仍然受到质疑。课程是实现通识教育的主要载体,清华大学在探索构建通识教育课程体系过程中,尝试性地采用了工科教育中广泛使用的成效基准教育理念与能力导向课程设计来分析当前我国大学通识教育的课程建设,指出通识教育众课程与通识教育目标之间欠缺逻辑对应的普遍性问题。本文重点介绍了清华大学通识教育课程建设中的困惑和设想,探讨了如何锚定与对应课程与能力目标之间的逻辑关系。本文建议高校在通识教育初建阶段将引入OBE框架以及能力导向课程设计理念可作为一种选择,此举有助于厘清大学通识教育在本科教育中的定位与通识课程之间的逻辑和结构关系。     

A pillar of the Youngstown community: The Public Library of Youngstown and Mahoning County engages in the Harwood practice

ABSTRACT

The Harwood Institute arrived in Youngstown, Ohio, in 1999; and today, over 18 years later, its teachings have made a profound effect upon the city. The Youngstown Public Library, through the leadership of Carlton Sears and Heidi Daniel, has wholeheartedly embraced the methods and ideology of the Harwood Institute, helping to reinvigorate and power a city working its way back to prosperity.     

Development of a chemically defined medium for Planctopirus limnophila to increase biomass production

BackgroundPlanctomycetes is a phylum of biofilm-forming bacteria with numerous biosynthetic gene clusters, offering a promising source of new bioactive secondary metabolites. However, the current generation of chemically defined media achieves only low biomass yields, hindering research on these species. We therefore developed a chemically defined medium for the model organism Planctopirus limnophila to increase biomass production.ResultsWe found that P. limnophila grows best with a 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer. The replacement of complex nitrogen sources with defined amino acid solutions did not inhibit growth. Screening for vitamin requirements revealed that only cyanocobalamin (B12) is needed for growth. We used response surface methodology to optimize the medium, resulting in concentrations of 10 g/L glucose, 34 mL/L Hutner’s basal salts, 23.18 mM KNO₃, 2.318 mM NH₄Cl and 0.02 mg/L cyanocobalamin. The analysis of amino acid consumption allowed us to develop a customized amino acid solution lacking six of the amino acids present in Aminoplasmal 10%. Fed-batch cultivation in a bioreactor using the optimized medium achieved a final ΔOD₆₀₀ of 46.8 ± 0.5 after 108 h, corresponding to a cell dry weight of 13.6 ± 0.7 g/L.ConclusionsThe optimized chemically defined medium allowed us to produce larger amounts of biomass more quickly than reported in earlier studies. Further research should focus on triggering P. limnophila biofilm formation to activate the gene clusters responsible for secondary metabolism.How to cite: Kruppa OC, Gerlach D, Fan R, et al. Development of a chemically defined medium for Planctopirus limnophila to increase biomass production. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.09.002.     

The self experience of the gifted person: Theory and definitions

Recent articles on the gifted self are characterized by theoretical confusion and lack of definitional clarity. This article, anchored in current self psychology theory, defines the self experience as the person's subjective experience of organization and meaning, the maintenance of which is crucial to normal functioning. Interactions with others are a formative part of the self experience. Traits of giftedness, and the reactions of others to these, contribute to the gifted self experience. Social and emotional problems of giftedness, such as those that arise with asynchronous development and perfectionism, are based on a compromised sense of cohesion and unity of the self experience.     

论篇章结构教学法与短文写作

文章探讨了篇章结构教学法的特点，分析了篇章结构教学法适应的范围及条件，并根据教学实践的经验积累，把在英文短文写作中的中西方思维方式作了对比，提出了篇章结构教学法在英文短文写作中的实施建议与注意问题。     

定向图的谱半径的一个上界

利用定向图的邻接矩阵的特性,得到了定向图的邻接谱的谱半径的一个可达上界.设D为n阶的定向图,则其邻接谱的谱半径ρ(D)≤n2-1.当n为奇数时,上式取得等号当且仅当D为n2-1出度正则(入度正则);当n为偶数时,不等式严格成立.