青年学生社交能力的结构

以动态的、主体性的社交活动过程为模型,通过自编问卷调查和因素分析技术探讨青年学生社交能力的构成。结果表明,青年学生社交能力结构由自我监控能力、社交态度、解决社交问题的能力、社会洞察能力、人际管理能力和人际沟通能力6个因素构成。     

Feasibility of test administration and preliminary findings for cognitive control in the Burn 2 learn pilot randomised controlled trial

ABSTRACT

The feasibility requirements of administering field-based cognitive assessments are rarely reported. We examined the feasibility of administering a group-based cognitive test battery in a school setting with older adolescents. Several types of reliability were also assessed in the control group. Preliminary efficacy and the relationship between changes in fitness and changes in cognitive control were also explored following a 14-week HIIT intervention (3 sessions/week). Participants completed a cognitive test battery measuring inhibition (flanker), and working memory (n-back) at baseline and post-test. Health-related fitness assessments were also conducted. Test administration took approximately 30.8 ± 1.5 minutes to complete with up to six participants simultaneously. The test battery demonstrated acceptable reliability (ICC = 0.5–0.81), with significant changes observed for flanker incongruent accuracy, and 2-back non-target accuracy from baseline to post-test. Regarding efficacy, small-to-moderate effects were observed for accuracy outcomes, while several small associations were found between changes in fitness and changes in cognition. Findings from the current study suggest a cognitive test battery can be administered with older adolescents in a school setting. However, there remains a lack of adequate reporting of administration requirements for field-based cognitive assessments. Efficacy findings should be confirmed with a larger and more representative sample of older adolescents.     

Aerobic fitness and academic achievement: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT

This study aims to quantify the association between aerobic fitness and academic achievement, and determine how different aerobic fitness tests and individual demographic characteristics may modify this association. It includes 41 cross-sectional and 7 longitudinal studies focusing on children and adolescents, from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database and Web of Science. Pooled effect sizes (ES) were estimated for the association between aerobic fitness and specific domains of academic achievement. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were based on aerobic fitness tests and demographic characteristics. The ES for the association between aerobic fitness with language/reading-skills, mathematics-related skills and composite scores, were 0.23 (95% CI: 0.12; 0.34); 0.27 (95% CI: 0.19; 0.36) and 0.28 (95% CI: 0.12; 0.45), respectively. Subgroup analyses by aerobic fitness test modified these associations; additionally, analyses by sex or age showed differences between boys and girls as well as between children and adolescents. Finally, meta-regressions revealed a slight effect of body mass index on these associations. Cardiorespiratory fitness is positively associated with academic achievement. Associations were dependent on demographic and aerobic fitness test characteristics, being stronger in boys than in girls, and in children than in adolescents.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42017069677     

澳门青少年体质测试结果及对比分析

采用测试与对比的方法,对澳门青少年的体质状况进行调查与分析。结果显示,澳门青少年的部分体质指标低于上海、东京等地的青少年。为此,就如何提高澳门青少年的体质,提出了几点建议。     

对青春期生长发育高峰年龄的研究

通过对北京市海淀城区男女7岁学生各200人连续追踪12年的测试数据的分析,选取7项身体主要形态指标(身高、体重、胸围、坐高、肩宽、上臂放松围、大腿围),找出每个儿童的高峰年龄,并进行的统计比较。研究认为:1)在追踪调查中,采用逐人计算高峰年龄的方法,发现生长高峰年龄的个体差异很大,研究的7项指标都没有出现非常集中的生长高峰年龄。2)7项指标的高峰年龄均比以往研究结果晚1～2年。3)男生生长高峰年龄出现在青春期中后期,女生生长高峰年龄出现在青春期中前期。     

青少年运动员人力资源的成本、价值及评估方法的研究

采用文献资料法等，对青少年运动员人力资源的成本、价值的概念、构成、计量方法以及评估方法进行理论研究。主要结论：青少年运动员人力资源成本主要分为取得成本、开发成本、使用成本、保障成本等；影响青少年运动员人力资源价格评估的因素主要有该资源成本、资源的效益等7个方面。     

对北京市肥胖青少年的现状调查与分析

本研究对北京市981名青少年进行调查，发现肥胖者高达26%。通过对这些肥胖青少年的饮食、运动以及心理等情况的深入研究与分析，提出了具有建设性的预防肥胖的5点措施。     

父母监控与青少年问题行为的关系及对干预的启示

父母监控的增加并不必然带来青少年问题的减少。近期的有关研究表明:来自家庭方面的父母的知情程度、亲子关系、家庭结构,来自青少年方面的对父母监控的感知和对权力范围的认知,来自社会方面的不良同伴和社区环境,都会影响父母监控在减少青少年问题行为方面的效果。青少年已表现出的问题行为也会反过来降低父母的监控质量。     

近20年来国外有关青少年同伴关系研究进展

本文通过回溯近20年来国外有关青少年同伴关系的研究,在总结其在同伴关系类型、同伴关系与家庭关系、同伴地位三方面研究成果的同时,也指出了目前仍未得到解决的一些基本问题,并在此基础上对未来同伴关系领域的研究做出了展望。     

Interdisciplinary therapy changes superoxide dismutase activity and adiponectin in obese adolescents: a randomised controlled trial

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of interdisciplinary therapy in the parameters of the oxidative stress and the anti-inflammatory responses of obese adolescents. We selected 57 participants, who were randomly divided into 2 groups: interdisciplinary therapy group and a control group. After 6 months of intervention, 17 participants of the interdisciplinary therapy group and 8 of the control group returned for re-evaluation. The interdisciplinary therapy group participated in a treatment with 4 weekly sessions of exercise, a weekly group therapy session and a weekly nutritional education session. Blood parameters of oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory response were evaluated. The results demonstrated that there were significant increases in the interdisciplinary therapy group for superoxide dismutase activity (6.56 ± 3.22 to 11.40 ± 7.49) and ferric-reducing antioxidant potential concentration (532.91 ± 106.48 to 573.25 ± 112.57), although adiponectin levels did not reduce (40.9 ± 29.34 to 49.05 ± 41.22). A significant decrease in nitrite levels was also found (14.23 ± 8.48 to 11.45 ± 6.05). In the control group, significant reduction was found in adiponectin (31.56 ± 18.88 to 18.01 ± 11.66). This study suggests that interdisciplinary therapy for 6 months was effective in improving the anti-inflammatory responses and the antioxidant defences in obese adolescents.