少儿图书馆开展青少年心理健康教育刍议

随着我国素质教育的全面推进和深入开展，青少年心理健康教育受到社会各界的广泛关注。少年儿童图书馆作为少年儿童素质教育的重要阵地，应承担起少年儿童心理教育的重任。在分析少年儿童心理健康问题的基础上，重点探讨了少年儿童图书馆如何开展青少年心理健康教育。     

Self‐regulation strategies improve self‐discipline in adolescents: benefits of mental contrasting and implementation intentions

Adolescents struggle with setting and striving for goals that require sustained self‐discipline. Research on adults indicates that goal commitment is enhanced by mental contrasting (MC), a strategy involving the cognitive elaboration of a desired future with relevant obstacles of present reality. Implementation intentions (II), which identify the action one will take when a goal‐relevant opportunity arises, represent a strategy shown to increase goal attainment when commitment is high. This study tests the effect of mental contrasting combined with implementation intentions (MCII) on successful goal implementation in adolescents. Sixty‐six 2nd‐year high school students preparing to take a high‐stakes exam in the fall of their third year were randomly assigned to complete either a 30‐minute written mental contrasting with implementation intentions intervention or a placebo control writing exercise. Students in the intervention condition completed more than 60% more practice questions than did students in the control condition. These findings point to the utility of directly teaching to adolescents mental contrasting with implementation intentions as a self‐regulatory strategy of successful goal pursuit.     

Maternal experiences of childhood abuse and intimate partner violence: Psychopathology and functional impairment in clinical children and adolescents

Objectives

The current study examined the independent effects of mothers’ childhood abuse (CA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) on psychopathology and functional impairment in children; and the potential moderating and mediating role of individual and family factors in these relationships. Additionally, this study explored the potential cumulative effects of both maternal CA and IPV on children's outcomes.

Method

The sample included 547 Spanish children and adolescents aged between 8 and 17 years, and their parents, who had accessed mental health services. The assessment was based on structured interviews with the children and their parents. Statistical analyses were carried out through hierarchical multiple, negative-binomial and logistic regressions, and Structural Equation Models.

Results

Children whose mothers experienced CA and those whose mothers suffered physical IPV showed increased DSM-IV disruptive disorders and externalizing behavior problems, respectively. Children who directly observed physical IPV and also suffered physical punishment by parents showed increased internalizing problems. IPV had effects, either direct or indirect by physical punishment, on children's externalizing problems. Cumulative effect analyses indicated that the prevalence of disruptive disorders was highest in children whose mothers had suffered both CA and IPV.

Conclusion

Spanish children whose mothers have suffered CA, IPV or both, are at high risk of serious conduct problems, whereas children exposed to IPV and who were also physically abused are at greater risk of internalizing problems. Physical punishment of children contributes in part to explain externalizing problems of IPV-exposed children. These findings indicate potential targets of assessment and intervention for families seeking help in mental health services.     

青少年偶像崇拜心理学分析及教育对策

青少年偶像崇拜是青少年在个体成长过程中的一个阶段性行为,本文运用精神分析理论、人本主义理论、行为主义理论和人格发展理论等四大心理学流派的相关理论,较系统地探究青少年偶像崇拜背后的心理形成机制,梳理青少年偶像崇拜心理成因的脉络,并在此基础上提出了相应的教育策略。     

论城镇化进程中西南民族地区农村青少年社会认同的主体性建构策略

社会认同理论认为,不同认同状态可能形成不同的行为取向.实证调查表明,西南民族地区农村青少年社会认同的形成是以相对封闭的社会通道和多元化流动观念体系为前提的;在城镇化进程中,为了形成积极的正面的社会认同,西南民族地区农村青少年可能采取转换比较方向和雏度等主体性建构策略.     

青少年体育活动时间管理能力研究*

目的：了解青少年体育活动的时间管理能力,提升其健康水平。方法：用数理统计法对826名在校生体育活动时间管理能力的有效数据进行统计分析。结果：男生体育活动时间管理能力好于女生,班级干部与非干部在每周体育活动次数、每次活动时间、活动类型时间管理能力三个维度具有显著性差异（P<.05）。非独生子女在每周体育活动次数、每次活动类型、活动总的时间管理能力与独生子女具有显著性差异（P<.05）。男生每周体育活动次数、每次活动时间、活动强度、活动类型的时间管理能力与总的时间管理能力均呈正相关关系（P<.01）。女生每周体育活动次数、活动时间的时间管理能力与整体时间管理能力呈正相关关系（P<.01）,每次体育活动强度、活动类型的时间管理能力与活动整体时间管理能力不具有相关关系（P>.05）。结论：良好的体育活动时间管理能力是青少年有规律参与体育活动的重要内容,有利于体育活动锻炼的系统化和科学性,提高青少年的体质健康。     

我国汉族青少年女生体质与健康状况的动态分析

比较分析1995-2005年我国汉族青少年女生体质与健康的动态变化趋势,为进一步改善其体质与健康提供科学依据.选取1995、2000以及2005年全国学生体质与健康调研数据,对我国城乡7~18岁女生的身体形态、机能、素质等均值进行纵向比较与分析.近10年我国城乡女生身体形态发育水平持续提高;各个年龄组肺活量逐年下降;身体素质指标总体呈先提高后下降趋势.结论:我国城乡女生10年来体质与健康水平并未与社会经济的发展同步增长,不少女生与心肺功能密切相关的身体机能和速度、力量、耐力素质指标明显下降.主要原因是生活方式不健康和缺乏体育活动;乡村还受经济因素而带来的营养、卫生、运动场地设施等条件差异的影响.     

自我价值定向理论对青少年德育的启示

自我价值定向理论认为人内在地寻求自我意识支持,寻求自我价值,并且这种自我价值意识会影响个体的思想和行为。青少年德育的目的是将社会要求内化为青少年的动机和意识,然后再由其将这些意识外化为行为并产生良好的行为结果。自我价值定向理论的相关论述为青少年德育教学提供了一些有益的启示。     

加强心理训练 提高青少年心理素质

心理疾患是当前危害我国青少年身心健康的突出问题。应当广泛开展心理训练,以解决青少年心理成长、心理缺陷、心理障碍及挖掘心理潜力等问题。要综合选择具有先进性、互补性的训练方式,引导青少年心理素质不断完善和发展。