Recovery of pulmonary diffusing capacity after maximal exercise

Abstract

Pulmonary diffusing capacity (Dl_co), together with spirometric variables, arterial oxygen tension (paO₂) and cardiac output were determined before and at intervals after maximal arm cranking, treadmill running and erogmeter rowing. Independent of the type of exercise, Dl_co increased immediately post‐exercise from a median 13.6 (range 7.3–16.3) to 15.1 (9.3–19.6) mmol min^‐1 kPa^‐1 (P <0.01). However, it decreased to 11.6 (6.9–15.5) mmol min^‐1 kPa^‐1 (P <0.01) after 24 h with cardiac output and paO₂ at resting values, and Dl_co normalized after 20 h. Thoracic electrical impedance at 2.5 and 100 kHz increased slightly post‐exercise, indicating a decrease in thoracic fluid balance, and there were no echocardiographic signs of left ventricular failure at the time of the decrease in Dl_co. Also, active muscle (limb) circumference and volume, and an increase in haematocrit from 43.8 (38.0–47.0) to 47.1 (42.7–49.8) (P <0.01), had normalized at the time of the decrease in Dl_co. Vital capacity, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, peak and peak mid‐expiratory flows did not change. However, total lung capacity increased from 6.8 (5.0–7.6) to 7.0 (5.1–7.8) litres (P <0.05) immediately after exercise and remained elevated at 6.9 (5.1–8.7) litres (P <0.05) when a decrease in Dl_co was noted. The results demonstrate that independent of the type of maximal exercise, an approximate 15% reduction in Dl_co takes place 2–3 h post‐exercise, which normalizes during the following day of recovery.     

模因理论与二语学习者语言输出能力培养相关性研究

语言学习的过程是语言输入和输出相互影响、相互促进的过程。本文主要通过对模因理论、语言模因、语言输出假设三者关系的阐释,提出了依据模因理论进行二语学〉-j者语言输出能力培养的可行性,构建了模因论下的二语口语和写作输出能力培养途径,旨在提高我国高校外语教学效果,为模因论的应用研究提供新的视角。     

太阳电池发电系统的最佳功率流控制

本文提出一种实现太阳电池输出最大功率的跟踪控制方法,给出实验结果,证实这一控制方法的可行性和有效性。文中还讨论了太阳电池发电系统最佳功率流控制的实现方法以及补偿无功功率和谐波失真等问题.     

几种沉水植物光合作用产氧量的比较观察

在相同条件下,对几种不同沉水植物光合作用产氧量进行了比较观察。结果表明:金鱼藻、竹叶眼子菜是进行光合作用产氧量实验的好材料。     

平衡输入与输出 提高英语口语能力

分析了输入理论和输出理论。认为要提高英语口语能力，关键在于保持输入与输出的平衡。输入是外语学习的首要任务，而输出是外语学习的最终目标。作者从教学内容、教学时间、教学方法和主体意识四个方面提出了促进二者平衡发展的建议。     

Improved blind multiuser detection algorithm based on minimum output energy

Based on minimum output energy,an improved blind multiuser detection algorithm is proposed by the use of Hopfield neural network.Compared with traditional algorithms,the proposed algorithm does not need the circuit for constraints.The resources are greatly saved and the complexity is reduced as well.The simulation results show that the performance of the improved algorithm is similar to that of the optimal multiuser detection algorithm which is not suitable for the mobile station.Compared with the traditional gradient blind multiuser detection algorithm,the convergence speed of the improved algorithm is quickened.     

从电视模式输出看中国娱乐节目的发展

当今,西方传媒正在利用中国本土的文化资源,加以全球化产品的包装,附加西方的意识形态,再通过本土化的销售方式在各地市场上实现剩余价值,这是西方传媒新的隐蔽的文化策略。本文阐释了"电视模式输出"的概念,进而向大众文化背后的权利理论进行探讨,寻求中国娱乐节目的发展之路。     

语言输出假设对高师英语专业翻译教学法的启示

二语习得中的输出假设理论强调输出在激发学习者认知、验证假设方面的作用,对我国高师英语专业实施"以过程为导向"的翻译教学法有重要启发。     

独立学院非英语专业学生英语写作能力分析及对策

以独立学院集美大学诚毅学院一次期末英语命题作文为语料,通过从词汇、句子、语法、语篇等方面的错误统计,分析了学生写作中出现的典型错误的原因,并提出以Swain的"输出假设理论"为基础,探求新的提高学生写作的办法。     

Dissemination of public health information: key tools utilised by the NECOBELAC network in Europe and Latin America

Background: Open Access (OA) to scientific information is an important step forward in communication patterns, yet we still need to reinforce OA principles to promote a cultural change of traditional publishing practices. The advantages of free access to scientific information are even more evident in public health where knowledge is directly associated with human wellbeing. Objectives: An OA ‘consolidation’ initiative in public health is presented to show how the involvement of people and institutions is fundamental to create awareness on OA and promote a cultural change. This initiative is developed within the project NEtwork of COllaboration Between Europe and Latin American Caribbean countries (NECOBELAC), financed by the European Commission. Methods: Three actions are envisaged: Capacity building through a flexible and sustainable training programme on scientific writing and OA publishing; creation of training tools based on semantic web technologies; development of a network of supporting institutions. Results: In 2010–2011, 23 training initiatives were performed involving 856 participants from 15 countries; topic maps on scientific publication and OA were produced; 195 institutions are included in the network. Conclusions: Cultural change in scientific dissemination practices is a long process requiring a flexible approach and strong commitment by all stakeholders.