信息超载综述

介绍信息超载的含义和历史,分析信息超载的成因,最后提出信息超载的解决方法。     

自建库真的能解决信息超载的困惑吗?

分析了信息超载的成因,并在充分调查的基础上,对我国自建库建设中存在的误区及解决方法作了简要分析,着重从制度和人员两个层面就如何从根本上解决自建库建设与信息超载的悖论提出了建议。     

Reasons for suboptimal learning in medical microbiology

Medical microbiology presents a challenge to undergraduate students, mostly due to its extensive content and complexity of unfamiliar terminology. In addition to a narrative review of the literature, we report findings on students’ motivation for and approach to learning in the Infections module of an undergraduate medical curriculum, and their perceived lack of retention of knowledge acquired in the module, as determined by a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire. When students experienced information overload, they reverted to performance goals and the wrong motivation for learning. Their focus turned primarily to being successful in tests and examinations, and they consequently adopted a surface approach to learning. Surface learning and memorisation of facts without understanding its content usually result in moderate retention of knowledge, which could handicap the development of clinical reasoning. However, the concern about students’ perceived poor retention of knowledge can be laid to rest – the prognosis is not discouraging after all.     

An information push-delivery system design for personal information service on the Internet

As Web-related techniques and equipment grow, the Internet has become popular as a major channel for providing a wide variety of information. However, users face the serious problem of information overload when acquiring increasing amounts of information from the Internet. This problem is one of the most important issues in providing information services to meet users’ requirements in an electronic commerce environment. In this paper, we propose an information push-delivery system, which applies fuzzy information retrieval and fuzzy similarity measurement to avoid the information overload problem. This proposed system is helpful for users to acquire suitable information from the Internet. An empirical investigation of the proposed system is implemented in this study. The results show that the degree of satisfaction for the received information for all participants was as high as 71%, indicating that the proposed system can effectively provide correct and interesting information for users.     

The power of social cues in the battle for attention: Evidence from an online platform for scholarly commentary

Because humans have limited resources and capacities to digest and comprehend the unprecedented amount of information bombarding today’s world, human attention is a scarce resource and the problem of information overload is becoming increasingly serious. In this study we aim to contribute to an understanding of how humans make decisions about the value of complex sources of information, specifically in the context of online scholarly platforms, online news, and social media. We thus use almost 5000 research-based VoxEU texts, together with the corresponding authors’ characteristics, to test whether, as an evolutionary approach would suggest, author success, skills, and prestige serve as strong cues in readers’ attentional decisions, by analyzing reading, sharing, and searching behaviors. In addition to finding strong support for this assumption, we also show that readers respond to such visual cues as article title, number of words in the abstract, and/or text content, with a clear favoring of figures over tables.     

某型空地导弹机动性分析

针对某型空地导弹机动性分析时气动参数的非线性特性,提出采用逐步逼近最终达到力矩平衡求解最大平衡攻角及可用法向过载的方法,解决了具有非线性气动特性导弹的可用法向过载计算问题,通过弹道仿真,对需用法向过载和可用法向过载进行了计算和对比．计算结果表明该导弹具有足够的机动能力,为总体设计和控制系统设计提供了依据．     

高校图书馆微信公众号用户消极使用行为影响因素研究

[目的/意义]探究高校图书馆微信公众号用户消极使用行为的影响因素,为改进服务质量、优化使用体验和提升用户活跃度等提供有价值的意见和建议。[方法/过程]借鉴信息过载、信息系统成功模型及媒介系统依赖理论的相关研究成果,构建图书馆微信公众平台用户消极使用行为模型,并通过问卷调查和结构方程模型进行验证。[结果/结论]信息过载正向影响用户不满意度,信息质量、服务质量及依赖均负向影响用户不满意度,不满意度正向影响用户的忽略和取关行为,依赖负向影响用户的忽略行为和取关行为;不满意度对忽略行为影响程度大于取关行为,而依赖对取关行为的影响程度大于忽略行为。     

A multi-component assessment model for monitoring training distress among athletes

Abstract

We report the initial validation of a multi-component assessment model for monitoring training distress among athletes. The model combines measures of mood disturbance with measures of perceived stress and symptom intensity. Altogether, 492 athletes completed the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10; Cohen et al., 1983), the 24-item Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS; Terry et al., 2003), and a checklist of 19 symptoms associated with acute overtraining (Fry et al., 1994). Six training distress factors were identified by an exploratory factor analysis: “depressed mood”, “perceived vigour”, “physical symptoms”, “sleep disturbance”, “perceived stress”, and “general fatigue”. Comparisons of group means of these factors with a previously validated inventory were consistent with theoretical predictions and provided evidence of construct validity. Internal consistency of the subscales was also confirmed, with Cronbach alphas ranging from 0.72 to 0.86. Together, these findings suggest that this multi-component model provides a sound conceptual basis for the assessment of training distress among athletes.     

中国碳超载下碳锁定与解锁路径实证研究

发展中国家在工业化进程中会出现碳锁定现象。中国处在工业化进程的关键时期,很有必要对碳锁定问题进行深入探讨,选用合适的指标来衡量碳锁定有助于理解碳锁定。本文通过测算1990-2014年中国碳汇量和碳排放量,用两者的差值作为碳超载量,用碳超载率（碳超载量/碳汇量）对碳锁定的程度以及变化趋势做出基本判断,然后利用ECM模型对碳锁定的影响因素进行分析。研究结果表明:①以2003年为界限,1990-2002年期间中国未出现碳超载,从2003年开始碳超载为正,以后逐年增加,碳锁定程度越来越严重;②降低化石能源消耗、增加技术投入在长期和短期内对碳锁定都有抑制作用,而第二产业和第三产业的发展速度对碳锁定的影响在长期和短期内是相反的;③提出在“十三五”期间实现中国碳汇量比2014年增加5%~15%的目标,以期在“十三五”结束时基本实现中国碳平衡。本研究以丰富中国碳锁定及碳解锁理论研究为侧重点,着重为中国碳锁定程度和碳锁定变化趋势研究提供科学依据,并对中国碳锁定解锁路径提出借鉴性建议。     

健脾补糖对过度训练脾虚大鼠骨骼肌GLUT4和P38活性的影响

为了探讨健脾补糖对过度训练大鼠骨骼肌的糖转运和MAPK转导通路中P38活性的影响.通过6周递增大负荷游泳训练,观察过度训练和健脾补糖对胃肠的吸收功能,骨骼肌的糖转运、储备和P38活性的影响.研究表明:1)过度训练脾虚的大鼠的骨骼肌MAPK信号转导系统的P38途径虽然被激活.但骨骼肌的葡萄糖转运和糖储存被低血糖和胰岛素所抑制.因此没有明显改善骨骼肌的肌糖原储备.2)健脾补糖从改善胃肠功能、增加能源物质的摄入、提高抗氧化能力等多靶点激活了P38,使骨骼肌对葡萄糖的转运速度与合成速度均加快,在末次运动后24 h就使肌糖原达到了明显的超量恢复状态.