北塔山事件与中苏关系的演变

北塔山事件是一次影响中蒙苏关系的重大边界纠纷事件,它的发生彻底改变了中苏两国之间的关系,苏联由对蒋介石政府的支持转向了对中共武装夺取政权的支持,这一事件的发生不仅改变了中国国内的局面,而且在很大程度上对国际局势产生了很重大的影响,而此阶段由于各种矛盾相互交织,使得原本复杂的中苏关系显得更加扑朔迷离.试图通过对北塔山事件...     

论公共关系的三维特性

通过对公共关系三维特性的论述,为人们对公共关系的进一步认识提供帮助.可以说,公共关系实践水平的逐步提高,是离不开其理论性的支持和方向性的引导的.     

The majority influence on interminority attitudes: The secondary transfer effect of positive and negative contact

Among minority members, positive contact with the majority was previously found to improve not only the attitudes toward the majority but also the attitudes toward minority outgroups (the secondary transfer effect; STE). However, the roles of negative intergroup contact and minority groups’ social status in the STE have not been yet examined. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the association between both positive and negative contact with the national majority group (Finns) and mutual attitudes among high-status Estonian (n = 171) and low-status Russian (n = 180) immigrants in Finland. Two mediators of the STE were tested: attitudes toward the majority (attitude generalization) and public collective self-esteem (diagonal hostility). While positive and negative STEs emerging via attitude generalization were expected to occur among both immigrant groups, the mediating effect of public collective self-esteem was assumed only for members of the low-status group. In both immigrant groups, the relationship between positive contact with the majority group and attitudes toward the other immigrant group was positive and indirect through more favorable attitudes toward majority group members. The same mechanism characterized negative contact, where the indirect effect was mediated by less positive attitudes toward Finns. As predicted, public collective self-esteem mediated the effects of positive and negative contact with majority group members on attitudes toward the other minority only among low-status Russian immigrants. The results call for the acknowledgement of different mechanisms explaining the STE among minority groups enjoying different social statuses in host society.     

Learning and adaptation with regard to complementary medicine in a foreign context: Intercultural experiences of medical students from different cultural backgrounds

Little is known about challenges and transition that medical students from different cultural backgrounds face with regard to complementary medicine (CM). This paper explores such students’ experiences and perspectives of socio-cultural and academic difference with regard to CM and experiences of intercultural relations. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, 30 in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with medical students across 10 Australian medical schools. The data were rigorously analysed through a systematic process of coding, categorisation and theoretical development. The findings indicate that students adapted considerably to the host culture. Students with Western backgrounds integrated better socio-culturally and academically compared to students with non-Western backgrounds. Although nationality represented cultural identity, students’ construction of cultural difference was informed by their perception of diverging value systems within the specific educational environment. These values were, in turn, reflected in students’ reported behaviours, attitudes, and levels of engagement in socio-cultural and academic aspects of university life. Adaptation employed by students was evidenced largely due to their conflicting sense of responsibility towards familial culture regarding CM and focus on fitting in. While students’ tendency to gravitate towards cultural peers was evident, most students adapted to their host environment regarding CM to fit into normal intercultural encounters during medical school. In conclusion, students’ intercultural contact with regard to CM was both complex and problematic. At a time of significant diversification within the higher education student body, this paper highlights the role medical education institutions can play in fostering intercultural and academic guidance and support.     

Help that hurts? Perceptions of intergroup assistance

The current research, guided theoretically by the Intergroup Helping as Status Relations Model, explored how high and low status groups (Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs) perceive offers of help from the high to the low status group. Ninety-three Arab and Jewish participants were asked to imagine and evaluate offers of help from Jews to Arabs in Israel. Consistent with the hypothesis that members of high and low status groups would have different perspectives and goals in their relations, Israeli Arabs viewed help by Israeli Jews more as a way to reinforce existing hierarchy and as a way of asserting the higher groups’ domination. Recognizing the different orientations of members of high and low status groups to potentially conciliatory actions, such as helping behavior, can enhance understanding of the dynamics of intergroup relations and conflict and reveal factors that might fuel intergroup misunderstandings and tensions, which can represent a critical step to improving intergroup relations.     

国际关系的解构主义分析 --浅析文化的二元对立

国际关系中存在一种逻各斯中心主义的表达,试图以西方文化代表人类文化背后的“本真说明”,而其他文化只是作为被支配音存在。从解构主义的角度来看,这种文化中心主义本身就是虚妄的,文化之间不存在等级制的关系,各种文化都是对客观的延异和替补。在国际关系中运用解构主义的目的在于强调世界作为文本的开放性,消解人为设定的“中心”文化的权威性。     

中美两国文化中的隐私观念比较

中美两国由于处在东西方不同的文化之中,在文化取向、人与自然的关系、人与人的关系、社会规范、思维方式和生活方式等各方面都表现出很大的差异。隐私观念也是这些文化差异的表现之一。了解中美两国不同的隐私观,有助于双方的沟通和交往,避免产生跨文化交际中的失误。     

从文化、课程概念看文化与课程关系之演进

文化与课程的概念奠定在人类文化活动历史演进的基础之上。对文化与课程的能动性的认识,有助于我们超越仅将文化视为课程内容之源泉的简单认识,从而深刻把握二者从观念、内容到过程之间的互动关系。文化观念影响课程理念,文化形态影响课程内容及实施方式,课程作为独特的文化形态对文化具有选择、整合、变革作用。     

股权结构、管理层行为对环境信息披露影响的实证研究——来自沪市重污染行业的经验证据

企业环境信息披露水平与管理层行为有着密切关联,而股权结构又影响着管理层的行为决策。在当前管理层存在选择性披露行为的背景下,股权结构是否有助于遏制管理层的这种行为,进而提高我国企业的环境信息披露水平呢?本文以2007-2010年沪市A股重污染行业平均资产排名前20%的上市公司为研究对象,在委托代理理论和利益相关者理论基础上,实证检验了股权结构、管理层行为对环境信息披露选择的影响。研究结果表明,控股股东、制衡股东和政府部门对管理层的监管能有效引导管理层积极披露环境信息;管理层持股也有利于企业环境信息披露水平的提高。     

中美科技竞争环境下海外高层次人才引进对策研究

中美关系急剧恶化、世界多极化发展及疫情冲击的新形势下,海外人才引进新的机会窗口被打开。通过梳理海外人才引进相关研究,发现研究结果与现有世界多极化发展格局背景及中美科技竞争的现状并不契合。在详细分析中美科技竞合关系的变动及趋势的基础上做出中美科技竞争将会长期存在的判断,并对美国对华科技竞争战略、战术和策略进行了研究,最后针对海外高层次人才引进面临的问题及挑战提出相应的对策和建议,以期抓住后疫情时期海外人才引进新的机会窗口,在世界大变局中开好新局。