氧化絮凝法处理活性大黑染料废水的研究

以硫酸铝铁溶液为絮凝剂,高锰酸钾溶液为氧化剂,采用氧化絮凝的方法处理活性大黑染料废水,考察了絮凝剂与氧化剂用量比、絮凝时间、温度、pH等对脱色率和CODCr去除率的影响,确定最佳条件：絮凝剂与氧化剂的摩尔比为3.45∶0.14,pH=1,θ=30℃,絮凝时间t=1 h,脱色率可达99.13%,CODCr去除率达66.81%.如果采用两段处理法,脱色率可进一步提高到99.88%,CODCr去除率达85.13%.砖末二次吸附后,脱色率达99.24%,CODCr去除率达77.05%.     

浅谈金属单质的氧化性

文章采用例征分析与理论推导,指出了某些金属单质在一定条件下可具有氧化性,纠正了长期以来在化学教学中认为金属单质只具有还原性的错误。     

Pd/CeO2催化CO氧化活性对载体CeO2形貌的依赖效应

Pd纳米颗粒的氧化还原性能对Pd/CeO₂催化氧化反应的性能至关重要,且与Pd-CeO₂的界面结构密切相关.我们发现Pd/CeO₂的低温催化CO氧化活性高度依赖于载体CeO₂的形貌和暴露晶面.利用胶体沉积法,得到Pd/CeO₂八面体和Pd/CeO₂立方块两种催化剂.结果表明暴露{111}晶面的CeO₂八面体负载Pd催化剂的催化CO氧化活性远优于暴露{100}晶面的CeO₂立方块负载Pd催化剂.DFT理论模拟计算结果表明,催化剂表面的Pd物种的氧化还原活性可能决定催化剂的可还原性和催化活性:钯从氧化态到金属态的循环更容易在CeO₂(111)上进行,而这取决于Pd与载体CeO₂之间的相互作用.我们的结果表明,催化剂表面活性Pd物种的氧化还原性能对Pd/CeO₂的催化活性至关重要,可以通过调控载体暴露的晶面实现Pd与载体CeO₂之间的相互作用,最终实现对催化剂可还原性和催化活性的可控调变.     

食用香料庚酸烯丙酯的合成

用由庚醛氧化制取的庚酸和由甘油裂解还原制得的烯丙醇为原料,反应温度为90-93℃,压力为1333Pa,在对甲苯磺酸催化下合成庚酸烯丙酯,产率为75％。庚酸烯丙酯的分子式为C10H18O2,为无色透明液体,有菠萝香气味,不溶于水,熔点-66,沸点210℃,可用于配制日化香精和食用香精。     

Is the highest fat oxidation rate coincident with the anaerobic threshold in obese women and men?

Abstract

In this study we determined the exercise intensity that elicits the highest fat oxidation rate in 15 obese women and 13 obese men. Furthermore the relationship between this intensity with the lactate (LT) and ventilatory thresholds (VT) was investigated in order to give training recommendation for maximal fat utilization during endurance exercise. After an incremental exercise test until exhaustion on a cycle ergometer, subjects performed six 20-min exercise bouts of 25, 35, 45, 55, 65 and 75% VO₂peak. The 20 min stages were randomly assigned and spread over two separate occasions (three bouts per occasion). Substrate oxidation was measured with indirect calorimetry and was calculated using stochiometric equations. In both, women and men the highest fat oxidation rate occurred at 65% VO₂peak and this did not coincide with either the VT or LT. A significant correlation between VT and LT could not be found in women (r=0.33) nor men (r=0.277). In obese women and men training recommendation for maximal fat utilization should not only be given by the intensity at which AnT occurs.     

Impact of data analysis methods for maximal fat oxidation estimation during exercise in sedentary adults

Abstract

The maximal fat oxidation (MFO), and the exercise intensity that elicits MFO (Fat_max), are considered excellent markers of fat metabolism during exercise. Besides individual’s biological characteristics (e.g. fed state, physical fitness level, sex, or age), data selection and analysis can affect MFO and Fatmax estimations, yet the effect is unknown. We investigated (i) the impact of using a pre-defined time interval on MFO and Fat_max estimation, and (ii) the impact of applying 2 different data analysis approaches (measured-values vs. polynomial-curve) on MFO and Fat_max estimations in sedentary adults. A total of 151 (97 women) sedentary adults aged 29.2?±?13.2 years old participated in the study. We assessed MFO and Fatmax through a walking graded exercise test using indirect calorimetry. We pre-defined 13 different time intervals for data analysis, and the estimation of MFO and Fat_max were performed through the measured-values and the polynomial-curve data analysis approaches. There were significant differences in MFO across pre-defined time intervals methods (P?<?0.001) applying measured-values data analysis approach, while no statistical differences were observed when using polynomial-curve data analysis approach (P?=?0.077). There were no differences in Fat_max across pre-defined time intervals independently of the data analysis approach (P?≥?0.7). We observed significant differences in MFO between measured-values and the polynomial-curve data analysis approaches across the time intervals methods selected (all P?≤?0.05), and no differences were observed in Fat_max (all P?≥?0.2). In conclusion, our results revealed that there are no differences in MFO and Fat_max across different time intervals methods selected using the polynomial-curve data analysis approach. We observed significant differences in MFO between measured-values vs. polynomial-curve data analysis approaches in all the study time intervals, whereas no differences were detected in Fatmax. Therefore, the use of polynomial-curve data analysis approach allows to compare MFO and Fat_max using different time intervals in sedentary adults.     

浅谈氧化还原反应方程式的配平

介绍用化合价升降法配平无机、有机氧化还原反应方程式。     

碳／碳复合材料的氧化及其防护

研究了碳/碳复合材料的氧化机理及抗氧化防护方法.对基体改性及涂层法进行了详细评述,对碳/碳复合材料抗氧化的研究现状进行了综述,阐明了其发展的方向.     

STM在Ti表面上的超额微加工

论述了在大气状态下扫描隧道显微STM在Ti表面上的电场加工实验，并对作用机理进行了分析，确定表面结构的生成为准接触和电场诱导氧化的综合作用。     

Changes of oxidative and lipoperoxidative metabolism in patients with acute viral myocarditis

Objective: To study the changes of oxidative metabolism and lipoperoxidative metabolism in patients with acute viral myocarditis (AVM), and to research pathological chain reactions of a series of free radicals, and oxidative damage and lipoperoxidative damage in AVM patients' bodies. Methods: A random paired control design was used to investigate 70 cases of AVM patients and 70 cases of healthy adult volunteers (HAV) on the basis of contents of nitric oxide (NO), lipoperoxide (LPO) in plasma, and LPO in red blood cell (RBC) as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in RBC as revealed by spectrophotometric assays. Results: Compared with the average values (AV) of the above biochemical parameters (BP) in the HAV group, the AV of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and in RBC in the AVM group were significantly increased (P=0.0001), while the AV of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in the AVM group were significantly decreased (P=0.0001). Conclusion: The findings in this study suggested that in the AVM patients bodies the metabolism of NO was disturbed, and the pathological chain reactions of a series of free radicals were so severely aggravated, as to cause the oxidative damage and lipoperoxidative damage in the AVM patients' bodies.