Generative Paradox in Learner-Centered College Teaching

The discussion identifies six contradictions that characterize the emergent learner-centered teaching role: (a) control/flow, (b) facilitator/evaluator, (c) teacher learning/student learning, (d) subject expert/teaching expert, (e) caring for students/caring for self, and (f) individual mentor/group leader. Key concepts are presented (conflict, compartmentalized paradox, and generative paradox) which represent points on a continuum of the degree to which college teachers have successfully integrated these fundamental contradictions in the learner-centered teaching role. This article extends an ongoing discussion of integrity in learner-centered teaching by providing a conceptual paradigm and examples for developing consistently productive responses to these six fundamental contradictions in learner-centered teaching.Douglas Reimondo Robertson (Ph.D., Syracuse University) is Assistant Provost for Professional Development Programs and Professor of Educational Leadership at Northern Kentucky University. His most recent line of research focuses on further developing the emergent concept and practice of learner-centered college teaching.     

基于FIDE的模糊控制程序设计

FIDE是由Aptronix公司开发的一个性能超群的模糊逻辑开发环境，FIDE涵盖了模糊程序开发的全过程，并且可以自动产生Motorola单片机的汇编代码。大大缩短模糊系统的开发周期，降低开发成本，本主要介绍FIDE的基本特点和操作方法^[1,2]。     

二难推理在司法工作中的应用——对“坦白从宽，抗拒从严”刑事政策的质疑

“坦白从宽,抗拒从严”的刑事政策在司法实践中产生多个二难命题,从犯罪嫌疑人“坦白”与“抗拒”的两难、侦查讯问人员“宽”与“严”的两难及“保护人权与惩罚犯罪”的两难三个方面质疑这一刑事政策;并提出“政策法定化”的修改建议。     

试论亚里士多德的三段论思想

三段论是古希腊学者、"逻辑学之父"亚里士多德逻辑学的核心思想,本文对亚氏三段论思想体系的特点及其内容进行了分析和概括,同时对其在逻辑史上的历史地位进行了简要评述。     

外语对白:创作与接受的悖论

悖论通常是指条件与结论相互违背的命题和推论。由于近 2 0年来国产电影广泛地使用外语对白 ,从而导致了创作的真实与接受的真实的背离与矛盾 ,亦即关于生活真实与艺术真实的悖论。这个悖论产生的根本原因 ,就是当前一些导演们只注重创作的真实 ,而忽视接受的真实的结果。本文就解决这一问题的方法 ,提出了个人的见解。     

Bayesian Inference and Application of Robust Growth Curve Models Using Student's t Distribution

Despite the widespread popularity of growth curve analysis, few studies have investigated robust growth curve models. In this article, the t distribution is applied to model heavy-tailed data and contaminated normal data with outliers for growth curve analysis. The derived robust growth curve models are estimated through Bayesian methods utilizing data augmentation and Gibbs sampling algorithms. The analysis of mathematical development data shows that the robust latent basis growth curve model better describes the mathematical growth trajectory than the corresponding normal growth curve model and can reveal the individual differences in mathematical development. Simulation studies further confirm that the robust growth curve models significantly outperform the normal growth curve models for both heavy-tailed t data and normal data with outliers but lose only slight efficiency for normal data. It appears convincing to replace the normal distribution with the t distribution for growth curve analysis. Three information criteria are evaluated for model selection. Online software is also provided for conducting robust analysis discussed in this study.     

基于关联理论的话语理解

在认知背景下的关联理论把语用推理和语言理解紧密地联系起来,将该理论运用于分析在特定语境下已知信息和隐含信息之间的相互作用,并用于指导交际时对话语的理解是本文研究的重点。通过介绍认知语用学中的关联理论,文章指出该理论的相关原则可以从语音语调推理、逻辑推理、角色推理和背景推理四方面帮助听话人理解和分析说话人的真正意图,准确把握会话含义,以期推动谈话双方的顺利沟通。     

Toward Transparency: Competing discourses of teacher educators and teachers

This self-study emerged within the context of a school-based professional development project that established collaboration between two teacher educators and a group of elementary public school teachers. We launched the Book in a Bag project as a way to promote curriculum integration in classrooms and at the same time to provide a venue for research. Within the two contexts of university and public schools, certain knowledge and practices were privileged, largely as a result of the distinct stewardships each assumes. When tensions arose in the course of the project, we employed self-study methodology. We identified competing discourses of teachers, teacher educators, and partnership, noting paradoxes that focused on discourse-bound knowledge, discourse-driven motivation, and discourse-limited aspirations. Self-study served to deepen our understanding of our own practices and ourselves as teacher educators with an eye to future relationships with teachers.     

Military mores – an institutional ethnography

ABSTRACT

Military education is for most people an unknown process that takes place behind closed doors. Based on text analysis, eighteen months of ethnographic fieldwork, and interviews at the Netherlands Defence Academy, this article seeks to understand military education as a dynamic process between the cadets’ experience and the institute. As such, this study can be understood as an institutional ethnography, intending to open the black-box of military education. This study shows that military education affects cadets in a powerful way. They quickly learn to navigate the ‘underlife’ of the institute by carefully avoiding confrontation with the official structures. In a final discussion, we identify two remarkable paradoxes – perfect imperfection and individual in the system – that we consider exemplary for the learning environment at the NLDA. We argue that the Defence Academy constitutes, in essence, a paradoxical learning environment that influences the character development of the cadets – sometimes in unintended ways.     

信息推理及其运用

生动的事实说明,信息推理对领导的科学决策是何等的重要。通过推理,可促进信息深化,扩大信息量,使信息增值,发掘信息的潜在作用。实践中,经常使用的信息推理方法有:联想推理、因果推理、类比推理、假设推理、反向推理和预测推理等几种。