群C4v酉表示中的佯谬

利用群表示的不同观点,可以消除存在于群Ｃ４ｖ的酉表示中的佯谬     

似非而是的隽语对现代生活的启示作用

本文介绍了似非而是的隽语(paradox),揭示了它作为一种认知方式,而不是作为一种传统的修辞格对日益发展的现代社会的启示作用:它帮助我们用辨证的观点看问题,从而更透彻地分析现代社会中的矛盾现象,对其进行更深入的思考。隽语该功能的实现有赖于读者头脑中的图式知识,因此本文还从图式角度剖析了隽语的概念表达过程和读者对它的解读过程。     

Why does the president tweet this? Discovering reasons and contexts for politicians’ tweets from news articles

Politicians’ tweets can have important political and economic implications. However, limited context makes it hard for readers to instantly and precisely understand them, especially from a causal perspective. The triggers for these tweets may have been reported in news prior to the tweets, but simply finding similar news articles would not serve the purpose, given the following reasons. First, readers may only be interested in finding the reasons and contexts (we call causal backgrounds) for a certain part of a tweet. Intuitively, such content would be politically relevant and accord with public’s recent attention, which is not usually reflected within the context. Besides, the content should be human-readable, while the noisy and informal nature of tweets hinders regular Open Information Extraction systems. Second, similarity does not capture causality and the causality between tweet contents and news contents is beyond the scopes of causality extraction tools. Meanwhile, it will be non-trivial to construct a high-quality tweet-to-intent dataset.We propose the first end-to-end framework for discovering causal backgrounds of politicians’ tweets by: 1. Designing an Open IE system considering rule-free representations for tweets; 2. Introducing sources like Wikipedia linkage and edit history to identify focal contents; 3. Finding implicit causalities between different contexts using explicit causalities learned elsewhere. We curate a comprehensive dataset of interpretations from political journalists for 533 tweets from 5 US politicians. On average, we obtain the correct answers within top-2 recommendations. We make our dataset and framework code publicly available.     

论徐訏小说的文化价值取向

在徐訏的小说所表现出的人文主义价值理想中,理性形态和非理性形态、世俗形态和终极形态、传统本土形态和现代西方形态看似组成悖论性的紧张和对立,实则都是出于徐訏对人性既脆弱又凶猛的洞察,对人类知识和理性局限性的清醒认知以及对人间世俗生命悲天悯人的呵护和关爱。追求生命的舒展和人性的自由,让人类的精神摆脱物化现实的戕害和人类自身的局限,始终是徐訏小说中文化之维的标的。     

从反事实条件句到绿蓝悖论——纳尔逊·古德曼科学认识论思想管窥

在古德曼看来,像“反事实”、“倾向性”以及“可能性”之类的概念都无法得到显明可见的经验事实的证实和支持,因此都无法合理地把它们作为与实证科学的基本原则相容的科学概念来使用。另一方面,古德曼认为在归纳推理中出现绿蓝悖论的原因在于我们把命题之间的“证实”关系仅仅看作是证据与假设这两个方面之间的关系,而忽略了包括“过去实际进行过的预测及其结果的记录”在内的大量背景知识对证实关系的作用。实际上．导致绿蓝悖论的根本原因在于,我们迄今为止观察到的宝石都是绿的,并不能保证我们随后观察到的宝石也是绿的,我们观察到的下一块宝石也完全有可能是蓝的（或别的某种颜色）。因此,古德曼实际上没有也不可能真正消除“绿蓝悖论     

篇章交际意图解读策略之管窥——兼析岳飞词《小重山》的交际意图

语言交际活动涉及两个意图：信息意图和交际意图。交际意图指的是发话人向受话人显明某种信息的用意。阅读理解也是一种语言交际活动,参与这一活动的阅读者充当的就是信息接受者的角色,他不仅要了解作者的信息意图,还要领会作者的交际意图。篇章交际意图即篇章指向,是篇章的主要基本思想。在生成任何一个篇章时,创制者总是从交际意图出发构思全文,运用各种手段,力求篇章交际意图被接受者所理解。本文运用语言学中篇章分析和关联论的有关理论,以岳飞词《小重山》为例证,探讨理解篇章交际意图的方法。     

On stochastic dependence

The contrary of stochastic independence splits up into two cases: pairs of events being favourable or being unfavourable. Examples show that both notions have quite unexpected properties, some of them being opposite to intuition. For example, transitivity does not hold. Stochastic dependence is also useful to explain cases of Simpson's paradox.     

“否定主义”的否定——否定主义美学之考察

吴炫教授提出的否定主义美学颇有新意,具有一定的理论深度,产生了广泛的影响,值得肯定。但也存在着一些问题:否定主义包含着自我否定的悖论,由此造成了逻辑上的矛盾;而对于语言和概念的滥用,则导致了表述的混乱和理解的障碍;否定主义美学的目标是要为人们提供心灵的依托,这恐怕是难以达到的,因而具有乌托邦性质。彻底的否定主义必须进行自我否定,这是克服其悖论的根本方法。在创造新的思想时,万不得已不要制造新概念,更不应随意改变语言的本意。美学不能代替信仰,信仰的问题只能通过信仰得到解决,正如美学问题只能由美学来解决一样。     

An investigation of communicative competence in an upper-secondary class where using graphics calculators was routine

This paper presents an exploration of conversation in a single episode of whole-class work in a Year 12,all girls' Calculus class. The analysis is cast in terms of Habermasian communicative competence, which requires students to evidence critical thinking and the ability to express their views. Favourable learning outcomes in the class are explained by the teacher's mode of questioning, cooperative endeavour by students, the instructional sequence and use of technologies including the graphics calculator. The circumstances of problematic outcomes are also identified.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.