外部环境、管控程度与子公司绩效

采用问卷调查数据研究外部环境、母公司对子公司的管控程度以及子公司绩效之间的关系。结果表明,外部环境的慷慨性与子公司绩效显著正相关。环境复杂性会调节母公司对子公司的管控程度与子公司绩效之间的关系;当环境复杂性高时,母公司对子公司的管控程度越高,子公司绩效越差;当环境复杂性低时,母公司对子公司的管控程度越高,子公司绩效越好。环境慷慨性和动态性的调节作用不显著。     

浅析画像砖中体现的汉代人世俗愿望

画像砖是汉代社会现实的反映,展示了汉代人的世俗愿望。汉画像砖的题材和内容表现了汉代人对长寿、健康、子孙繁衍、平安吉祥的向往和对快乐、富贵等人生目标的追求。汉代人能够如此鲜明地把自己的欲望展示出来,显示出汉代社会思想开放和精神自由的程度,也表明汉代是汉民族心理特征形成的重要时期。     

Metacognitive activities in text-studying and problem-solving: Development of a taxonomy

This article describes the construction of a hierarchical taxonomy of metacognitive activities for the interpretation of thinking-aloud protocols of students in secondary education, who studied texts on history and physics. After testing an initial elaborate taxonomy on a restricted number of protocols by multiple raters, it appeared that the interrater correspondence was well below par. The categories in the taxonomy were too highly specified. Categories were combined and tested on new protocols in a cyclic fashion. The revised taxonomy was then used for coding 16 history protocols and 16 physics protocols. Frequencies of occurrence of metacognitive activities were obtained, as well as judgements of the quality of the metacognitive activities of the participants. There is a reasonable correlation between the frequency method and the quality method for coding thinking-aloud protocols. Also, there is a substantial covariation of the number of metacognitive activities across both tasks.     

Home book reading and reading achievement in EU countries: the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study 2011 (PIRLS)

Home shared book reading during the preschool years is a strong predictor of students’ reading achievement in primary school, and, according to Sénéchal (2012), it can benefit more children from low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds. This study examines the association between frequency of book reading before the start of compulsory education and the reading achievement of 4th-grade students whose parents have high and low education levels in 22 European countries. Using data from the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS 2011), we show that the contribution of shared reading for the achievement of students from distinct SES backgrounds is different in different countries and that shared reading does not always benefit more children from low-SES backgrounds. Results are discussed in light of Sénéchal's home literacy model, the dynamics of cultural capital, and current policy efforts to support children's literacy development in European countries.     

Parental perspectives of the role of school factors in school refusal

The aim of this study was to explore parents’ perspectives on the role of school factors in school refusal (SR). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 parents who had experienced SR with their own child. They identified several school factors related to SR. Some of these findings suggest that students who are prone to SR need more predictability and more teachers’ support than they sometimes get in school. Their need for predictability seems to occur particularly during less structured activities and during transitions in school. Findings also imply that disruptive behavior among classmates and harsh management from teachers affects perceived predictability and support for SR-prone students. All parents expressed concern about bullying, and roughly a third of them reported that their child had been a victim of bullying. Insufficient adaptation of schoolwork was also mentioned relatively frequently. Parents emphasized that adaptation of schoolwork needs to be done in close cooperation with the student and parents to avoid negative differentiation from classmates or stigma. Finally, several parents commented that teachers and schools need more knowledge about SR and felt that schools needed a more coordinated approach to supporting students who are at risk of SR.     

Our teachers want to be the best: on the necessity of intra‐professional reflection about moral ideals of teaching

Teaching is a significant social good and therefore teachers as well as the state have to take responsibility for guarding the moral quality of the teaching practice. Based on this premise, the article describes and defends the view that these parties have their own particular role by means of literature review and theoretical and practical arguments.

The role of the state is necessarily limited to defining minimal moral rules and obligations, because in liberal Western democracies morality is codified in law to a minimal degree. The state also has practical reasons for such a confined position, among which are the complexities of professional practice and its implied tacit knowledge.

Teachers have to take responsibility for constructing the full width of professional morality, but particularly for defining its optimal or aspirational dimension. This dimension comprises the virtues deemed important for teachers as well as their professional ideals. Whereas the literature on professional ethics of teachers is relatively silent about professional ideals, several arguments are provided for the importance of ideals for teachers.

The final part of the article defends the claim that teachers have to articulate their professional ideals through intra‐professional dialogue. Again, theoretical and practical arguments are provided, for instance that such a debate provokes teachers to think about the best aims and means of their profession and that it contributes to the sense and meaning of their work. The article ends with some practical implications of the theoretical exposé.     

大学生心理健康与父母养育方式、心理控制感的关系

采用<心理卫生症状自评量表SCL-90>、<父母养育方式问卷>和<内控性、有势力他人和机遇量表>对295名大学生进行测量,探讨大学生心理健康与心理控制感和父母养育方式的关系.结果表明:大学生心理健康问题的检出率为25.8%;父母养育方式和心理控制感与大学生的心理健康都存在显著性的相关;心理控制感是某些父母养育方式和部分心理健康因子的中介因素;心理控制感的内控、机遇,父母养育方式中父亲的过度保护,母亲的拒绝否认因子对心理健康具有较强的预测效应.     

父母养育方式与大学生人格特质的相关研究

为了探讨父母养育方式与其子女人格特质之间的相互关系,采用父母养育方式问卷(EMBU)和卡特尔16项人格特质问卷(16PF)两种方式对146名大学生进行了测查,结果发现:1)父母不良的教养方式,如严厉惩罚、拒绝否认、过分干涉,与被试的稳定性、有恒性、敢为性、自律性呈显著负相关,与敏感性、忧虑性、紧张性呈显著正相关.2)父母良性教养方式,如温暖、理解、平等,与被试兴奋性、稳定性、敢为性呈显著正相关,与敏感性、世故性呈显著负相关.这一结果说明父母养育方式对其子女人格特质形成具有重要的影响.     

促进家长参与家校合作的国际经验及启示

有效的家校合作离不开家长参与,如何提升家长参与家校合作的积极性和有效性是我国教育中的重要问题。我国家长参与家校合作仍在起步阶段,面临积极性不高、方式单一和效果有待提升、不同家庭间差异较大等现实困境。鉴于家长参与家校合作的重要意义和我国目前面临的困境,该文基于国际经验,对我国如何促进家长参与家校合作提出了建议:构建和发展本土化家长参与的实践模式;根据不同家庭情况转变“以学校为中心”的工作思路;以及结合教师专业发展提升其引导家长参与的能力和动机。     

特殊学生家长融合教育满意度影响因素的模型建构与阐释——基于扎根理论的视角

特殊学生家长的满意度是国家和地区"办好特殊教育"乃至"办好人民满意的教育"的重要依据指标。本研究采用基于扎根理论的深度访谈方法来探究特殊学生家长融合教育满意度的影响因素,以学生因素、家长因素和环境因素三大类属与障碍限制、身份特征、个人心态、知识基础、投入程度、政府支持、学校保障和社会助力八大主范畴以及类属之间、范畴之间的关联建构起一个立体式的理论模型,并对其进行了具体阐释。据此提出了分别以改善学生能力、提升家长素质和增强环境支撑为落脚点、着力点和关键点的政策建议。