关于大学语文课堂教学的几点思考———独立学院大学语文课程改革研究之三

大学语文课堂教学质量的提高,绝不仅仅是教学方法改进的问题,而是受许多其他因素的制约,如管理者办学理念的偏差、管理方式的不当、教师的教学心态调节不当以及可能存在的偏见等等.如果这些问题不解决,只一味从技术层面去思考教法的改进,则难以收到实质性的效果.     

Developing scales to measure parental mediation of young children's internet use

With children using digital media at ever younger ages, media-education becomes a pressing issue for parents. As there is hardly any research on how parents guide the online activities of toddlers and young children an internet-survey was held among 792 Dutch parents of children aged between 2 and 12 years. Factor analysis revealed that for the internet, parents partly use the same strategies they also apply for television and video games: ‘co-use’, ‘active mediation’, and ‘restrictive mediation’. In addition, they also utilise new strategies: ‘supervision’ and ‘technical safety guidance’. Mediation was mainly predicted by the child's age and online behaviour (e.g., gaming, social networking), as well as by the number of computers in the home and the parents' gender, education and computer/internet skills. Finally, parents also use more mediation when they expect that the internet has a positive effect and particularly when they believe that it has a negative impact.     

Inclusion of preschool children with autism in Sweden: attitudes and perceived efficacy of preschool teachers

This pilot study examined the relations among preschool teachers' attitudes towards the inclusion of children with autism and perceived self‐efficacy, as well as demographic characteristics such as teachers' work experience and educational background. The cohort consisted of 21 participants who had degrees in preschool education and worked with children with autism in general preschool/kindergarten settings in central Sweden. Data were collected using the Autism Attitude Scale for Teachers, the Teacher Efficacy Scale and a demographic survey. In general, findings revealed that preschool teachers held positive attitudes towards children with autism, and this was significantly related to the number of credits in special education taken during pre‐service education. However, teachers showed neutral attitudes towards the inclusion of children with autism into general preschool classrooms. No relations were found between teachers' perceived self‐efficacy and attitudes towards inclusion, although a relationship was found between participation in in‐service training and efficacy to make decisions. Implications concerning early childhood education professional development and supervision are discussed.     

Psychometric reevaluation of the scientific attitude inventory‐revised (SAI‐II)

The central purposes of this study were to review the development and evolution of the Scientific Attitude Inventory (SAI) and then reevaluate the psychometric properties of the revised form of the SAI, the Scientific Attitude Inventory II (SAI‐II). The SAI‐II was administered to a convenience sample of 543 middle and high school students from five teachers in four schools in four school districts in San Antonio, Texas, at the beginning of the 2004–2005 school year. Confirmatory factor analysis on the full data set failed to support the existence of a 12‐factor structure (as proposed by the scale developers) or a one‐factor structure. The data were then randomly divided into exploratory [exploratory factor analysis (EFA)] validation and confirmatory [confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)] cross‐validation sets. Exploratory and confirmatory models yielded a three‐factor solution that did not fit the data well [χ² (321) = 646, p < .001; RMSEA = .061 (.90 CI = .054–.068); and CFI = .81]. The three factors were labeled “Science is About Understanding and Explaining” (13 items), “Science is Rigid” (6 items), and “I Want to Be a Scientist” (8 items). The α‐coefficients for these three factors ranged from 0.59 to 0.85. Whether these identified subscales are valid will require independent investigation. In this sample, and consistent with prior publications, the SAI‐II in its current form did not have satisfactory psychometric properties and cannot be recommended for further use. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 600–616, 2008     

The role of discordant acculturation attitudes in perceived threat: An analysis of host and immigrant attitudes in Germany

The present research examines discordant acculturation attitudes of host society members and immigrants as an antecedent to intergroup threat. Based on integrated threat theory and the concordance model of acculturation, we posited that discordance on culture maintenance and on desire for contact would predict intergroup threat beyond the influence of other antecedents of threat, such as in-group identification, knowledge, and negative contact. A study with 202 German host society members and 151 Turkish and Italian immigrants was conducted. In line with our assumptions, path analyses revealed that culture discordance and contact discordance contribute independently to the prediction of realistic threat, symbolic threat, and intergroup anxiety for host society members and immigrants. Moreover, differences in threat between cultures were mediated by the discordance in acculturation attitudes.     

延边地区圈养黑熊基因DNA中部分微卫星位点的探讨

本研究采用分光光度法及琼脂糖凝胶电泳比较从黑熊组织、血液以及毛发中提取的黑熊基因组DNA,发现提取的DNA浓度及纯度均可满足后续试验的需要。其中毛发DNA提取方法具有高灵敏度、操作简单、非损伤等特点,有助于开展珍稀濒危物种和性情凶猛动物的遗传特性研究。本文还根据文献中黑熊的11个微卫星位点设计并合成引物,进行了不同引物PCR最佳反应条件的筛选。对黑熊DNA基因组PCR扩增结果发现其中10对引物能扩增出较明显的扩增带,为后续的黑熊亲子鉴定及遗传特异性分析实验提供了有价值的资料,为其亲权概率的准确性提供了良好的参考依据。     

外部环境、管控程度与子公司绩效

采用问卷调查数据研究外部环境、母公司对子公司的管控程度以及子公司绩效之间的关系。结果表明,外部环境的慷慨性与子公司绩效显著正相关。环境复杂性会调节母公司对子公司的管控程度与子公司绩效之间的关系;当环境复杂性高时,母公司对子公司的管控程度越高,子公司绩效越差;当环境复杂性低时,母公司对子公司的管控程度越高,子公司绩效越好。环境慷慨性和动态性的调节作用不显著。     

从汉英“同性恋”词语看中西方社会对同性恋现象的态度

同性恋现象是人类社会中存在的一种社会现象。汉英两种语言出现了许多对＂同性恋＂的称呼,从其中的一些词语中可以看出不同历史时期的社会对同性恋现象的态度。从词义表现方面看,同性恋词语的称呼经历了从贬义、犯罪、医学科学用语到中性词义的变化。这些词语反映出不同时代人们对同性恋的态度和认识,体现不同时代的社会文化价值取向及对同性恋现象认识程度。     

消费者对竞猜型体彩的态度、信念对其产品口碑传播的影响研究

摘要：口碑传播可以有效预测并提高产品的销量。从消费者资产价值的视角出发,以消费者对竞猜型体育彩票的态度和信念与其产品口碑传播意向间的影响关系为研究对象,运用相关、回归等分析方法,探讨了态度和信念及其两者的交互项对产品口碑传播意向的影响作用。研究结果表明：态度和信念均能显著提升消费者对竞猜型体育彩票的产品口碑传播意向,但信念提高产品口碑传播意向的程度要大于态度;态度和信念的交互项对竞猜型体育彩票消费者的产品口碑传播意向也具有显著的提升作用,且只有在弱信念条件下,消费者对竞猜型体育彩票的态度和信念才会存在正向交互效应,而在强信念条件下这种交互效应并不存在。研究认为,在制定竞猜型体育彩票营销策略时,不仅要关注竞猜型体育彩票消费者的认知信息和情感信息,更需要重视消费者对竞猜型体育彩票的信念;在对竞猜型体育彩票发动产品口碑传播策略时,营销管理人员应尽量选择具有弱信念、强态度特质的消费者作为该策略的参与者。     

Constructing dominant masculinity and negotiating the 'male gaze'

One of the suggested strategies for tackling boys' underachievement is for primary schools to recruit more men teachers to provide boys with positive male role models. However, little is known of how those men teachers already working in primary schools contribute towards the construction of dominant modes of masculinity in schools or how girls engage with those dominant forms. This paper sets out to explore the ways in which two male teachers of one primary class contributed towards the development and maintenance of a particular mode of masculinity. It will be shown that male teachers'attitudes and behaviours were crucial to the construction of a mode of masculinity framed around white, middle-class values (‘intelligence’ and ‘proficiency’) and contextualized within an environment reminiscent of an exclusive men's sports club. It will further be shown how, during the course of the year, the girls devised strategies that challenged the heterosexualized behaviours of one of their male teachers by reversing the ‘male gaze’.