心理素质的本质和结构新探

正确认识心理素质的本质和结构是进行心理素质教育的理论基础。心理素质是在人的自然素质基础上，在人与社会化交互作用的实践过程中发展起来的，由元认知能力、一般认知能力、社会和实践智力、人格心理素质以及心理行为的适应水平组成的，具有综合性、整体性和稳定性的心理品质。     

幼儿教师教育科研素养调查与思考

教育科研素养是现代幼儿教师必备素养之一，调查发现，当前幼儿教师教育科研素养存在教育科研意识淡薄、教育科研知识缺乏、教育科研能力普遍较弱等问题，这主要是由于幼儿教师队伍整体素养不高以及缺乏教育科研锻炼机会导致的，需要从幼儿教师职前教育、幼儿园和教育管理部门以及幼儿教师自我教育三个层面采取相应的措施，促进其教育科研素养的提高。     

脑潜能开发的实践与研究

脑潜能开发是一个热门的课题.本试验在最新脑科学理论的指导下,通过健脑操、太极拳、书法,脑键盘、音乐诱导,静思冥想等脑的功能开发训练,以及心理辅导,学习指导、学习潜能训练、学习方式和教学模式的更新等,使学生在人格的健全、学习成绩的提高和身体素质的增强等整体素质上都得到了很大的提升.     

美国父母参与儿童早期保育与教育述评

父母参与儿童早期保育与教育是美国儿童早期发展的"干预计划"中重要内容。在"开端计划"、"儿童保育运动"和"家庭援助方案"中父母以课堂志愿者活动、义工、家访交流等多种形式参与儿童早期保育与教育,以传递家庭中的文化、语言、宗教等方面的传统,监督保育与教育的各种实施措施改进和总体质量的提升,促进其子女的健康发展和自身素质和技能的提高。     

因材施教与素质教育

本文提出因材施教是我国中小学实施素质教育的重要教育策略。从教学论的新视角阐述因材施教 ,以及在教学中如何有效因材施教的几个主要教学策略 :教学要有全面素质的统一要求 ;集体教学与个别教学、分层教学相结合 ;教学要正确对待学生的个别差异等 ,以促进学生全面素质的提高与发展个性特长 ,尤其是要培养学生的创新精神和实践能力     

The relationship between exposure to family violence in childhood and post-traumatic stress symptoms in young adulthood: The mediating role of social support

BackgroundExtensive research has examined the relationship between exposure to family violence and its long-term mental health effects. Social support has been found to moderate this relationship, but there is a dearth of research on its mediating role.ObjectivesThe article presents the results of a study on the relationship between witnessing interparental violence and experiencing parental violence during childhood and adolescence on the one hand, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) during young adulthood on the other. In addition, the article presents results on the role of social support as a mediator in this relationship.Method, participants, and settingA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 516 Israeli university and college students (90.7% female, and 9.3% male; M age = 24.9, SD = 2.7) using a retrospective, self-administered questionnaire.ResultsThe results revealed that exposure to each pattern of family violence (i.e., witnessing interparental violence and experiencing parental violence) predicted higher levels of PTSS. Furthermore, social support was found to partially mediate the relationship between exposure to family violence during childhood and adolescence and current PTSS as well as its four symptoms, i.e., depression, sleep disturbance, dissociation, and anxiety.ConclusionsThe results of the current study highlight the important role of social support in the association between adversities experienced early in life and young adulthood outcomes. The findings are interpreted on the basis of Conservation of Resources Theory (Hobfoll et al., 1990), which served as the conceptual framework for the study. The limitations of the study and implications for future research are discussed.     

军人企业家领导特质研究——以万科集团总经理王石为例

全球众多成功的知名企业家中有很多都是军人出身,因而有人评论说世界上最大最优秀的商学院不是哈佛,不是斯坦福,而是西点军校。为此,本文首先运用文献分析法,探讨了军旅生活塑造了军人哪些独特的品质;采用案例分析法,对万科集团总经理王石的个案进行了深入分析。研究发现,军队造就了军人企业家与众不同的特质,而这些特质又很大程度上影响了他们的经营决策,进而帮助这些企业家领导企业走向成功。     

Family socioeconomic status,parental expectations,and adolescents’ academic achievements: a case of China

This study examines direct and indirect effects of family socioeconomic status (SES) and parental expectations on adolescents’ mathematics and problem-solving achievement in mainland China. SES here is composed of family wealth, home educational resources, and parental education. Over 5,000 ninth-grade students in 5 geographical districts of China participated in the study and were assessed by using the items adapted from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Results from structural equation modelling indicated that 2 components of SES – home educational resources and parental education – positively predicted parental expectations; however, the 3rd component – family wealth – negatively predicted parental expectations. Family wealth, parental education, and parental expectations significantly predicted mathematics achievement, and home educational resources, parental education, and parental expectations significantly predicted problem-solving achievement. The 3 components of SES also had significant indirect effects on both mathematics and problem-solving achievement through parental expectations, and the effect of family wealth was a suppression effect. These results were further discussed from Chinese cultural contexts.     

谈工笔画中线的形态与审美

工笔人物画用线条来造型称为“白描”,即用尖细而极小的毛笔单纯用线勾勒形体。线是工笔画的特点之一,工笔人物画中的线条运用和表现,是中国绘画的一个基本的特点。线是传统工笔画的最基本形式,是主要的造型手段。线,通过熔炼而提升,这在工笔画的线描稿中体现得最为明确。画面线条的组织与安排,不仅是一种推敲经营的能力和修养,而且也是一项具体的技术,有其自身的规则和要求,它奠定了最终的艺术之关。     

Types and Qualities of Knowledge and their Relations to Problem Solving in Physics

Based on empirical findings and theoretical considerations related to the field of expertise research, the importance of “types” and “qualities” of knowledge in relation to problem solving in physics was investigated. The students (N =138) in this study had a level of competence that corresponds to an intensive beginner college course in physics. It was found that conceptual declarative knowledge and problem scheme knowledge are excellent predictors of problem solving performance. However, a detailed analysis shows that the first knowledge type is more typical for low achievers (novices) in physics problem solving whereas the second type is predominately used by high achievers (experts). Regarding types and qualities of knowledge and their relations to problem solving, the results of a multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) indicate that two dimensions of knowledge can be distinguished. On the extreme limits of the first dimension, which could be named “problem solving relevance vs. structure of discipline”, are the types of knowledge and the qualities of knowledge, respectively. The second dimension of knowledge could be named “single knowledge elements vs. organised knowledge units”. There are types of knowledge as well as qualities of knowledge distributed along this dimension. Consequences of these results for improving physics education are discussed.